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The Interdependence of Determinants for the Strength and Direction of Social Desirability Bias in Racial Attitude Surveys

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Abstract:

Empirical evidence suggests that the respondents’ approval motive, their desirability beliefs and the privacy of the response situation determine how prone survey answers are to social desirability bias. Previous research analyzed these factors separately and has not taken their possible interdependence into account. This paper examines the predictions from rational-choice theory that a strong approval motive, clear differences in the perceived desirability of response options and a lack of privacy are all necessary but not sufficient conditions for social desirability bias. This prediction was tested in our first study. With data from a local random sample, we found the beliefs about whether positive or negative racial attitudes are more desirable, and to what extent this is the case, to differ considerably between individual respondents and demographic groups. Respondents’ racial attitude answers were in agreement with these beliefs and this significantly stronger, when the attitude responses were recorded interviewer- rather than self-administered. Furthermore, this association substantially increased when subjects had a stronger approval motive. This threeway interaction between the desirability beliefs, response privacy, and the strength of the approval motive was theoretically predicted. In a second study, we addressed the issue of whether the results found in the first study are externally valid. Since attitude answers and desirability beliefs were collected in the same interview, the observed associations may be an artifact due to the subjects’ sensitization towards social desirability concerns. We thus collected in a separate study only racial attitude answers under conditions of varying response privacy. Aggregated differences in the desirability beliefs according to the attitude items, the respondents’ social status and their education observed in the first study were matched with the response behavior under the same conditions in the second study. The results from the first study were replicated with this method.

Author's Keywords:

Mode of administration; need for social approval; racial attitudes; rational-choice theory; response bias; trait desirability
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Name: American Association For Public Opinion Association
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http://www.aapor.org


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MLA Citation:

Stocké, Volker. "The Interdependence of Determinants for the Strength and Direction of Social Desirability Bias in Racial Attitude Surveys" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Association For Public Opinion Association, Fontainebleau Resort, Miami Beach, FL, <Not Available>. 2009-05-25 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p16578_index.html>

APA Citation:

Stocké, V. "The Interdependence of Determinants for the Strength and Direction of Social Desirability Bias in Racial Attitude Surveys" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Association For Public Opinion Association, Fontainebleau Resort, Miami Beach, FL <Not Available>. 2009-05-25 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p16578_index.html

Publication Type: Paper/Poster Proposal
Abstract: Empirical evidence suggests that the respondents’ approval motive, their desirability beliefs and the privacy of the response situation determine how prone survey answers are to social desirability bias. Previous research analyzed these factors separately and has not taken their possible interdependence into account. This paper examines the predictions from rational-choice theory that a strong approval motive, clear differences in the perceived desirability of response options and a lack of privacy are all necessary but not sufficient conditions for social desirability bias. This prediction was tested in our first study. With data from a local random sample, we found the beliefs about whether positive or negative racial attitudes are more desirable, and to what extent this is the case, to differ considerably between individual respondents and demographic groups. Respondents’ racial attitude answers were in agreement with these beliefs and this significantly stronger, when the attitude responses were recorded interviewer- rather than self-administered. Furthermore, this association substantially increased when subjects had a stronger approval motive. This threeway interaction between the desirability beliefs, response privacy, and the strength of the approval motive was theoretically predicted. In a second study, we addressed the issue of whether the results found in the first study are externally valid. Since attitude answers and desirability beliefs were collected in the same interview, the observed associations may be an artifact due to the subjects’ sensitization towards social desirability concerns. We thus collected in a separate study only racial attitude answers under conditions of varying response privacy. Aggregated differences in the desirability beliefs according to the attitude items, the respondents’ social status and their education observed in the first study were matched with the response behavior under the same conditions in the second study. The results from the first study were replicated with this method.

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