Author's Keywords: democracy, participatory democracy, political participation, direct democracy, deliberative democracy	Convention All Academic Convention makes running your annual conference simple and cost effective. It is your online solution for abstract management, peer review, and scheduling for your annual meeting or convention. Submission - Custom fields, multiple submission types, tracks, audio visual, multiple upload formats, automatic conversion to pdf. Review - Peer Review, Bulk reviewer assignment, bulk emails, ranking, z-score statistics, and multiple worksheets! Reports - Many standard and custom reports generated while you wait. Print programs with participant indexes, event grids, and more! Scheduling - Flexible and convenient grid scheduling within rooms and buildings. Conflict checking and advanced filtering. Communication - Bulk email tools to help your administrators send reminders and responses. Use form letters, a message center, and much more! Management - Search tools, duplicate people management, editing tools, submission transfers, many tools to manage a variety of conference management headaches! Click here for more information.
Association: Name: American Political Science Association URL: http://www.apsanet.org
Citation: URL: http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p39926_index.html Direct Link: HTML Code:

Zittel, Thomas. "Participatory Engineering: Can Democratic Reform Increase Political Participation?" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Marriott Wardman Park, Omni Shoreham, Washington Hilton, Washington, DC, Sep 01, 2005 <Not Available>. 2011-03-14 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p39926_index.html>

Zittel, T. , 2005-09-01 "Participatory Engineering: Can Democratic Reform Increase Political Participation?" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Marriott Wardman Park, Omni Shoreham, Washington Hilton, Washington, DC Online <APPLICATION/PDF>. 2011-03-14 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p39926_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript Review Method: Peer Reviewed Abstract: Impressionistic evidence suggests that political elites in many established democracies perceive their system of government in a state of crisis. Their rhetoric stresses downward trends in electoral participation and organizational membership to argue this point. As a reaction, they consider measures and policies to positively affect political participation via institutional reform. In this paper, I define these activities as participatory engineering. Theories of democracy paint a sceptical picture regarding the effectiveness of participatory engineering. They point to the preoccupation of individuals with private concerns, to cultural and economic factors as well as to the size and complexity of modern democracy as a determinant for political participation. This paper turns to theories of participatory democracy for an alternative view. On the basis of a broad regarding it systematically discusses concrete options for democratic reform and plausible effects on individual behavior. It distinguishes between three strategies of participatory engineering that emphasize different linkage mechanisms related to different institutional options for democratic reform. I label these strategies as expansive democratization, integrative democratization and efficiency-oriented democratization. The paper cocludes with a discussion of further questions and problems for research that emerge from this taxonomy.

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