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Unstable Politics: Fiscal Space and Electoral Volatility in the Indian States
Unformatted Document Text:  Electoral Volatility in the Indian States Appendix 1 List of Elections State Code Election Years Andhra Pradesh AP 1967, 1972, 1978, 1983, 1985, 1989, 1994, 1999, 2004 Assam AS 1967, 1972, 1978, 1983, 1985, 1991, 1996, 2001 Bihar BI 1967, 1969, 1972, 1977, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000 Gujarat GJ 1967, 1972, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 1998, 2002 Haryana HA 1967, 1968, 1972, 1977, 1982, 1987, 1991, 1996, 2000 Karnataka KA 1967, 1972, 1978, 1983, 1985, 1989, 1994, 1999, 2004 Kerala KE 1967, 1970, 1977, 1980, 1982, 1987, 1991, 1996, 2001 Madhya Pradesh MP 1967, 1972, 1977, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1993, 1998, 2003 Maharashtra MA 1967, 1972, 1978, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1999, 2004 Orissa OR 1967, 1971, 1974, 1977, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2004 Punjab PU 1967, 1969, 1972, 1977, 1980, 1985, 1992, 1997, 2002 Rajasthan RA 1967, 1972, 1977, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1993, 1998, 2003 Tamil Nadu TN 1967, 1971, 1977, 1980, 1984, 1989, 1991, 1996, 2001 Uttar Pradesh UP 1967, 1969, 1974, 1977, 1980, 1985, 1989, 1991, 1993, 1996, 2002 West Bengal WB 1967, 1969, 1971, 1972, 1977, 1982, 1987, 1991, 1996, 2001 Summary Statistics Variable N Mean Std. Dev Min Max Electoral Volatility 123 25.52 15.19 3.15 67 Incumbent Vote Change 123 -8.17 14.22 -45.1 19.8 Change in Turnout 123 0.37 9.62 -44.6 46.5 Effective Parties (Votes) 138 4.04 1.18 2.46 8.40 Effective Clusters 153 1.99 0.33 1.23 2.59 Cleavage Polarization 153 30.01 10.13 17.39 56.07 Fiscal Space (%) 128 76.75 7.89 55.68 100.36 21

Authors: Nooruddin, Irfan.
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Electoral Volatility in the Indian States
Appendix 1
List of Elections
State
Code
Election Years
Andhra Pradesh
AP
1967, 1972, 1978, 1983, 1985, 1989, 1994, 1999, 2004
Assam
AS
1967, 1972, 1978, 1983, 1985, 1991, 1996, 2001
Bihar
BI
1967, 1969, 1972, 1977, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000
Gujarat
GJ
1967, 1972, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 1998, 2002
Haryana
HA
1967, 1968, 1972, 1977, 1982, 1987, 1991, 1996, 2000
Karnataka
KA
1967, 1972, 1978, 1983, 1985, 1989, 1994, 1999, 2004
Kerala
KE
1967, 1970, 1977, 1980, 1982, 1987, 1991, 1996, 2001
Madhya Pradesh
MP
1967, 1972, 1977, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1993, 1998, 2003
Maharashtra
MA
1967, 1972, 1978, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1999, 2004
Orissa
OR
1967, 1971, 1974, 1977, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2004
Punjab
PU
1967, 1969, 1972, 1977, 1980, 1985, 1992, 1997, 2002
Rajasthan
RA
1967, 1972, 1977, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1993, 1998, 2003
Tamil Nadu
TN
1967, 1971, 1977, 1980, 1984, 1989, 1991, 1996, 2001
Uttar Pradesh
UP
1967, 1969, 1974, 1977, 1980, 1985, 1989, 1991, 1993, 1996, 2002
West Bengal
WB
1967, 1969, 1971, 1972, 1977, 1982, 1987, 1991, 1996, 2001
Summary Statistics
Variable
N Mean Std. Dev Min
Max
Electoral Volatility
123 25.52
15.19
3.15
67
Incumbent Vote Change 123
-8.17
14.22
-45.1
19.8
Change in Turnout
123
0.37
9.62
-44.6
46.5
Effective Parties (Votes) 138
4.04
1.18
2.46
8.40
Effective Clusters
153
1.99
0.33
1.23
2.59
Cleavage Polarization
153 30.01
10.13
17.39 56.07
Fiscal Space (%)
128 76.75
7.89
55.68 100.36
21


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