Author's Keywords: business, employers' organizations, political parties, William McKinley	Convention Convention is an application service for managing large or small academic conferences, annual meetings, and other types of events! Submission - Custom fields, multiple submission types, tracks, audio visual, multiple upload formats, automatic conversion to pdf. Review - Peer Review, Bulk reviewer assignment, bulk emails, ranking, z-score statistics, and multiple worksheets! Reports - Many standard and custom reports generated while you wait. Print programs with participant indexes, event grids, and more! Scheduling - Flexible and convenient grid scheduling within rooms and buildings. Conflict checking and advanced filtering. Communication - Bulk email tools to help your administrators send reminders and responses. Use form letters, a message center, and much more! Management - Search tools, duplicate people management, editing tools, submission transfers, many tools to manage a variety of conference management headaches! Click here for more information.
Association: Name: American Political Science Association URL: http://www.apsanet.org
Citation: URL: http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p40173_index.html Direct Link: HTML Code:

Martin, Cathie. "Sectional Parties, Divided Business" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Marriott Wardman Park, Omni Shoreham, Washington Hilton, Washington, DC, Sep 01, 2005 <Not Available>. 2011-03-14 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p40173_index.html>

Martin, C. J. , 2005-09-01 "Sectional Parties, Divided Business" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Marriott Wardman Park, Omni Shoreham, Washington Hilton, Washington, DC Online <PDF>. 2011-03-14 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p40173_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript Review Method: Peer Reviewed Abstract: American business organization is marked by fragmentation and employers lack a solitary, hegemonic peak association to represent their collective political concerns. Thus one wonders why multiple umbrella employers organizations developed in the United States at the beginning of the Twentieth-Century when other countries were beginning to consolidate their business representation into a single, all-encompassing national organization. I argue that this early pattern of business fragmentation reflects the limits of the American party system. The pattern of major two-party competition, early suffrage, and the single-member-district plurality system all worked against the development of a dedicated business party in the United States. The absence of a dedicated business party created a representational gap. The first US peak association (the National Association of Manufacturers) was initially created to fill this gap, to develop support for national economic development, to overcome limitations of the boss-dominated party system, and to support the electoral campaign of William McKinley. Yet, NAM ultimately faltered for the same reasons that gave rise to its existence, and the Chamber of Commerce was later organized to compensate for NAM's failures. With this research I seek to further our understanding of America from a comparative perspective. The manufacturers of late Nineteenth-Century America sought government protections similar to those requested by their counterparts elsewhere, but lacked a platform from which to press their claims. Employers later came to resist government as an intrusive foe rather than a developmental friend, and the NAM story offers us a snapshot of this critical juncture.

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