Appendix V
In-class group simulation demonstrating international relations concepts in connection
with study of the transnational advocacy network to end the use of child soldiers
Activism Challenges – How to talk to power?
Theoretical links:
•
Realism – argues that traditionally powerful states (with military and economic resources) make
choices that serve their self or ‘national interests’.
•
Liberal Institutionalism – believes that international governmental organizations and regimes
(UN, World Bank, NATO, EU, Geneva Conventions….) can exert power independently from
their state members. And, that these institutions can encourage cooperation among states in
solving world problems.
•
Constructivism – suggests that non-state actors have ‘soft power’ – the power to influence
others. And, that they may ‘leverage’ more traditional actors to increase their influence.
Questions:
•
How can INGOs talk to states and international organizations (UN…) in order to influence them
to take action on child rights issues?
•
What strategies of influence can INGOs use to be convincing to ‘traditional power’ actors?
•
Remember realism – how can an issue be framed to appeal to a state’s ‘national interests’?
•
Remember institutionalism – how can an issue be framed so that is seems to be something an
international organization can cooperate around?
Case:
•
Child Soldiers and transnational activists’ efforts to establish an international standard (while
also raising awareness, gaining money, helping with rehabilitation…)
•
Remember both the human rights and security connection here – which makes it more
appealing under realism theory.
Your task:
1. Describe or frame the global problem of child soldiers so that it would seem to be in the ‘national
interests’ of the US to help child soldiers. Remember key characteristics of good framing – simple,
clear story, with causal connection, has emotional appeal, is easily remembered…
2. Describe or frame child soldiers so that it would motivate action by international organizations.
Remember varied offices even within the UN –security, human rights, and economic motivations.
3. Given your ‘framing’ for the US government – now consider specific strategies you might use to
‘reach’ the US government. Remember the political opportunity structure in the US – how would a
small group influence US decision-making?
4. Given your ‘frames’ for the UN – now consider specific strategies you might use to impact UN
decision-making. Remember the political opportunity structure in the UN – how can one gain
influence in this organization?
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Convention