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Of Citizens, Refugees, Green Cards and Border Guards: Explaining Immigration Flows
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| | Unformatted Document Text:
1
See Schain, 1985; Messina, 1989; Layton-Henry, 1992; McLaren, 2001; Lahav, 2004.
2
For existing macro-level studies, see Freeman, 1995; Weiner, 1995; Money, 1999; Andreas and
Snyder, 2000; Guiraudon and Joppke, 2001; Lynch and Simon, 2003; Thielemann, 2003.
3
See Rae, 1971; North, 1990; Lijphart, 1994; Cox, 1997; Boix, 1999.
4
See Budge and Farlie, 1983; Adams and Merrill, 1999; Volkens and Klingemann, 2002; Feigl-Heihs,
2004; Volkens, 2004.
5
See Simon and Alexander, 1993; Cornelius, Martin and Hollifield, 1994; Fetzer, 2000; Guiraudon,
2000; Hansen, 2000.
6
The eighteen countries include Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France,
Germany, Ireland, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, United
Kingdom, and United States.
7
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. OECD Economic Outlook (various years)
and Trends in International Migration: SOPEMI (various years).
8
Formally,
1
n
i
i
i
GPP
T C
=
=
∑
where:
i
T
=
party i’s decimal share of seats/votes, and
i
C
=
party i’s
percentage of positive statements about minorities to the total number of policy statements within a
party manifesto. Basically, the measure corresponds to Cusack’s (1997) notion of center of political
gravity which is
1
n
i
i
i
CPG
T C
=
=
∑
where:
i
T
=
party i’s decimal share of seats/votes, and
i
C
=
party i’s
position on the ideological dimension.
9
Alternatively, “genuine” refugees might take the route of illegal immigration, or more likely, may not
even reach the rich OECD countries.
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| | Authors: Breunig, Christian. and Luedtke, Adam. |
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|
1
See Schain, 1985; Messina, 1989; Layton-Henry, 1992; McLaren, 2001; Lahav, 2004.
2
For existing macro-level studies, see Freeman, 1995; Weiner, 1995; Money, 1999; Andreas and
Snyder, 2000; Guiraudon and Joppke, 2001; Lynch and Simon, 2003; Thielemann, 2003.
3
See Rae, 1971; North, 1990; Lijphart, 1994; Cox, 1997; Boix, 1999.
4
See Budge and Farlie, 1983; Adams and Merrill, 1999; Volkens and Klingemann, 2002; Feigl-Heihs,
2004; Volkens, 2004.
5
See Simon and Alexander, 1993; Cornelius, Martin and Hollifield, 1994; Fetzer, 2000; Guiraudon,
2000; Hansen, 2000.
6
The eighteen countries include Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France,
Germany, Ireland, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, United
Kingdom, and United States.
7
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. OECD Economic Outlook (various years)
and Trends in International Migration: SOPEMI (various years).
8
Formally,
1
n
i
i
i
GPP
T C
=
=
∑
where:
i
T
=
party i’s decimal share of seats/votes, and
i
C
=
party i’s
percentage of positive statements about minorities to the total number of policy statements within a
party manifesto. Basically, the measure corresponds to Cusack’s (1997) notion of center of political
gravity which is
1
n
i
i
i
CPG
T C
=
=
∑
where:
i
T
=
party i’s decimal share of seats/votes, and
i
C
=
party i’s
position on the ideological dimension.
9
Alternatively, “genuine” refugees might take the route of illegal immigration, or more likely, may not
even reach the rich OECD countries.
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