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Balancing Turmoil: Containing Conflict and the Rise of Zones of Peace

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Abstract:

Below is a paper that asks the broad question defining an intra-realism debate over the incentives the international system provides for state behavior: Are states power-maximizers or are they risk-minimizers? I argue that if they are the former, they will tend to join a conflict once it erupts in order to exploit the opportunities it presents for positional betterment or to keep others from gaining advantage. If they are risk-minimizers, they will seek means for containing not exploiting conflict when it breaks out. I argue that the potential costs of wider war generally outweigh the potential payoffs of expansive policies that may threaten regional or global stability. In doing so, I expand defensive realism to introduce the concept of “balancing turmoil” to help explain why conflict tends not to ignite boundless hostilities but is instead often met by cooperation of others who seek to avoid wider war. While this paper is primarily concerned with mapping out the “balancing turmoil” logic, it draws out some of the corollary arguments this logic leads us to. Moreover, it presents an alternate view of vertical European cooperation since World War II. It argues that the impetus for European cooperation—which has overwhelmingly occurred in the decades following World War II and the Cold War—has been the need to “balance turmoil” stemming from the outbreak of war in Eastern Europe. Indeed, the early seeds of European integration lie not so much in the Soviet Union but in the Greek civil war.

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war (209), state (144), conflict (141), cooper (115), power (91), secur (82), region (71), intern (71), europ (65), soviet (59), pp (57), see (54), also (50), greec (50), would (46), world (45), balanc (45), smith (43), polit (41), realism (40), press (39),

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Defensive Realism
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Name: American Political Science Association
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MLA Citation:

Smith, Michael. "Balancing Turmoil: Containing Conflict and the Rise of Zones of Peace" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Marriott Wardman Park, Omni Shoreham, Washington Hilton, Washington, DC, Sep 01, 2005 <Not Available>. 2011-03-14 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p40745_index.html>

APA Citation:

Smith, M. S. , 2005-09-01 "Balancing Turmoil: Containing Conflict and the Rise of Zones of Peace" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Marriott Wardman Park, Omni Shoreham, Washington Hilton, Washington, DC Online <PDF>. 2011-03-14 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p40745_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Below is a paper that asks the broad question defining an intra-realism debate over the incentives the international system provides for state behavior: Are states power-maximizers or are they risk-minimizers? I argue that if they are the former, they will tend to join a conflict once it erupts in order to exploit the opportunities it presents for positional betterment or to keep others from gaining advantage. If they are risk-minimizers, they will seek means for containing not exploiting conflict when it breaks out. I argue that the potential costs of wider war generally outweigh the potential payoffs of expansive policies that may threaten regional or global stability. In doing so, I expand defensive realism to introduce the concept of “balancing turmoil” to help explain why conflict tends not to ignite boundless hostilities but is instead often met by cooperation of others who seek to avoid wider war. While this paper is primarily concerned with mapping out the “balancing turmoil” logic, it draws out some of the corollary arguments this logic leads us to. Moreover, it presents an alternate view of vertical European cooperation since World War II. It argues that the impetus for European cooperation—which has overwhelmingly occurred in the decades following World War II and the Cold War—has been the need to “balance turmoil” stemming from the outbreak of war in Eastern Europe. Indeed, the early seeds of European integration lie not so much in the Soviet Union but in the Greek civil war.

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Document Type: PDF
Page count: 42
Word count: 14672
Text sample:
Smith Prepared for the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association Washington D.C. 1- 4 September 2005. Please do not cite without author’s permission. Balancing Turmoil: Containing Conflict and the Rise of Zones of Peace M. Shane Smith University of Colorado at Boulder Below is a paper that asks the broad question defining an intra-realism debate over the incentives the international system provides for state behavior: Are states power- maximizers or are they risk-minimizers? I argue that if
reignited the European project. I suspect that similar relationships exists such as for the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and the Vietnamese conflicts. More importantly if states tend to cooperate to balance turmoil rather than solely out of power or threat politics then not only do we gain greater insight for the ebb and flow of regional integration and the relationship between zones of peace and conflict. We also 41 Smith have a more optimistic view of the ability


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