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A Global Rogue in the Neighborhood: The North Korean Nuclear Challenge and Norm Contestation in East Asia
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A Global Rogue in the Neighborhood: The North Korean Nuclear Challengeand Norm Contestation in East Asia
“[N]ew deadly challenges have emerged from rogue states and terrorists...These states’ pursuit of, and global trade in, such weapons has become a looming threat to allnations…”
-The 2002 National Security Strategy of the United States
1
“I went to the meeting [with Kim Jong Il] determined that it would be most beneficial forboth Japan and North Korea to normalize our current abnormal relations.”
-Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi
2
Introduction
In the past decade, the threats of nuclear proliferation and weapons of mass
destruction (WMD) have been at the center of both scholarly and policy debates.
In particular, a group of states with nuclear ambitions and involvements in
international terrorism have been characterized as “rogue states.”
3
While several
countries such as Syria and Cuba have been on and off the “rogue list,” North
Korea has always occupied the top of the list. As one of the few remaining
1
The National Security Strategy of the United States of America, The White House,
Washington, September 2002, pp. 13-14.
2
“Japan-North Korea Meeting,” Lion Heart -- Message from Prime Minister Junichiro
Koizumi, Koizumi Cabinet E-mail Magazine No. 141 (May 27, 2004).
3
The origin of the “rogue state” doctrine dates back to 1989 when then Chairman of the
Joint Chiefs of Staff Colin Powell “sought to construct a new threat scenario to justify thepreservation of America’s superpower capabilities in a world devoid of a primeadversary.” Later the term has been used in many forms such as outlaw regimes,irresponsible countries, “backlash states” and the “weapons state.” Maintaining the noworthodox view that threats from rogue states and terrorists are the main challenges inthe post-Cold War era, the current Bush administration also warns us of thedetermination of rogue states to obtain WMD and their greater likelihood of using them,National Security Strategy, 2002, p. 13. Also Michael Klare, “The Rise and Fall of the“Rogue Doctrine: The Pentagon’s Quest for a Post-Cold War Military Strategy,” MiddleEast Report, No. 208, Autumn 1998, pp. 12-13; Michael Klare, Rogue States and NuclearOutlaws: America’s Search for a New Foreign Policy (New York: Hill and Wang, 1999);David Mutimer, The Weapons States: Proliferation and the Framing of Security (Boulder, CO:Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2000); Paul Hoyt, “Rogue State Image in American ForeignPolicy,” Global Society, 14(2), April, 2000, pp. 297-310 and Robert Litwak, Rogue States andU.S. Foreign Policy: Containment After the Cold War (Baltimore, MD: Johns HopkinsUniversity Press, 2000).
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1
A Global Rogue in the Neighborhood: The North Korean Nuclear Challenge
and Norm Contestation in East Asia
“[N]ew deadly challenges have emerged from rogue states and terrorists...
These states’ pursuit of, and global trade in, such weapons has become a looming threat to all
nations…”
-The 2002 National Security Strategy of the United States
1
“I went to the meeting [with Kim Jong Il] determined that it would be most beneficial for
both Japan and North Korea to normalize our current abnormal relations.”
-Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi
2
Introduction
In the past decade, the threats of nuclear proliferation and weapons of mass
destruction (WMD) have been at the center of both scholarly and policy debates.
In particular, a group of states with nuclear ambitions and involvements in
international terrorism have been characterized as “rogue states.”
3
While several
countries such as Syria and Cuba have been on and off the “rogue list,” North
Korea has always occupied the top of the list. As one of the few remaining
1
The National Security Strategy of the United States of America, The White House,
Washington, September 2002, pp. 13-14.
2
“Japan-North Korea Meeting,” Lion Heart -- Message from Prime Minister Junichiro
Koizumi, Koizumi Cabinet E-mail Magazine No. 141 (May 27, 2004).
3
The origin of the “rogue state” doctrine dates back to 1989 when then Chairman of the
Joint Chiefs of Staff Colin Powell “sought to construct a new threat scenario to justify the
preservation of America’s superpower capabilities in a world devoid of a prime
adversary.” Later the term has been used in many forms such as outlaw regimes,
irresponsible countries, “backlash states” and the “weapons state.” Maintaining the now
orthodox view that threats from rogue states and terrorists are the main challenges in
the post-Cold War era, the current Bush administration also warns us of the
determination of rogue states to obtain WMD and their greater likelihood of using them,
National Security Strategy, 2002, p. 13. Also Michael Klare, “The Rise and Fall of the
“Rogue Doctrine: The Pentagon’s Quest for a Post-Cold War Military Strategy,” Middle
East Report, No. 208, Autumn 1998, pp. 12-13; Michael Klare, Rogue States and Nuclear
Outlaws: America’s Search for a New Foreign Policy (New York: Hill and Wang, 1999);
David Mutimer, The Weapons States: Proliferation and the Framing of Security (Boulder, CO:
Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2000); Paul Hoyt, “Rogue State Image in American Foreign
Policy,” Global Society, 14(2), April, 2000, pp. 297-310 and Robert Litwak, Rogue States and
U.S. Foreign Policy: Containment After the Cold War (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins
University Press, 2000).
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