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Association: Name: American Political Science Association URL: http://www.apsanet.org
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Piombo, Jessica. "Terrorist Financing and Government Response in East Africa" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Marriott Wardman Park, Omni Shoreham, Washington Hilton, Washington, DC, Sep 01, 2005 <Not Available>. 2011-03-14 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p40791_index.html>

Piombo, J. , 2005-09-01 "Terrorist Financing and Government Response in East Africa" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Marriott Wardman Park, Omni Shoreham, Washington Hilton, Washington, DC Online <PDF>. 2011-03-14 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p40791_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript Review Method: Peer Reviewed Abstract: This paper focuses on the nature of transnational terrorist financing in East Africa, with a special emphasis on understanding the responses of area governments to combat terrorist finance. I will make the argument that patterns of terrorist finance (TF) in East Africa may have been less affected by the post- 9/11 global war on terror than in other areas of the world. In the wake of the 9/11 strikes, the global emphasis on combating terrorism by �tracing the money trail� meant the large-scale adaptation of existing anti-money laundering (AML) regimes to serve as counter-terrorist finance (CTF) weapons. This forced groups to shift out of formal and into informal sectors. In contrast, many of the efforts to fight terrorism and terrorist finance in East Africa came in the wake of the 1998 embassy bombings in Kenya and Tanzania. Most of the efforts to explicitly counter terrorist finance in the East African region involved the creation of AML regimes after 1998 and their adaptation into CTF regimes post 9/11. This represents a shift in emphasis and scope, rather than a new effort altogether. Yet these efforts that focus on combating traditional forms of terrorist finance, modifying AML into CTF institutions, have been legislated in only a handful of East African countries, and even in the ones in which there are laws on the books, implementation is scarce. CTF measures that focus on formal and informal banking institutions, however, will not effectively target the nature of terrorist financing in this region. Moreover, the primary emphasis in anti-terror campaigns in the region takes the form, rightly I will argue, of capacity building measures for local police and security forces, rather than through vigorous CTF regimes. Capacity building measures, not usually considered a form of CTF, are, in actuality, more suited to countering the nature of terrorist financing in this region than are other, more traditional forms of combating terrorist financiers. Ultimately, the analysis of terrorist finance and efforts to combat it must recognize that the manner of financing used in the East African region was already decentralized and focused within informal transfer mechanisms before 9/11, and that there are compelling reasons why area governments either are reluctant to create strong AML and CTF regimes, or are unwilling to devote scarce resources to efforts to combat terrorist finance. Therefore, the real fight against terrorist finance in the region needs to center on capacity building of police and security forces that will effectively police borders and control illicit activities such as smuggling, arms transfers, and trafficking in humans. Not only will such efforts yield more concrete results by targeting the problem of terrorist finance more accurately, but area governments will cooperate more in the implantation of the policies, further enhancing their effectiveness.

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