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Welfare Politics in Congress
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Abstract
In the 1990s, the national radically reformed family welfare. This study analyzes the Congressional politics behind the welfare revolution. We are coding speakers in Congressional hearings and floor debates during six episodes of welfare reform from 1962 through 1996. We ask how the witnesses frame the agenda in the sense of the dominant issue, and what position they take on those issues. We posit four such issues, and we track how the relative emphasis on them changes over time. We use the results to test three theories of why welfare was transformed —a partisan shift against big government, the public’s insistence on work tests, and elite influence.
Through 1988 (five episodes), the hearings reveal a shift away from ideological combat over the scale of government toward a cooler, more practical debate about how best to arrange welfare reform programs. Less dramatically, opinion also shifts to the right on these issues. Of the three theories of welfare reform politics, elitism appears strongest.
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Abstract
In the 1990s, the national radically reformed family welfare. This study
analyzes the Congressional politics behind the welfare revolution. We are
coding speakers in Congressional hearings and floor debates during six
episodes of welfare reform from 1962 through 1996. We ask how the
witnesses frame the agenda in the sense of the dominant issue, and what
position they take on those issues. We posit four such issues, and we track
how the relative emphasis on them changes over time. We use the results to
test three theories of why welfare was transformed —a partisan shift against
big government, the public’s insistence on work tests, and elite influence.
Through 1988 (five episodes), the hearings reveal a shift away from
ideological combat over the scale of government toward a cooler, more
practical debate about how best to arrange welfare reform programs. Less
dramatically, opinion also shifts to the right on these issues. Of the three
theories of welfare reform politics, elitism appears strongest.
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