ABSTRACT
This paper examines the impact of liberal-conservative ideology on voting behavior in the
2004 presidential election. The analysis uses data from the CPS National Election Study
for that year. The empirical results show that there was widespread recognition of the
candidates’ and parties’ ideological positions within the 2004 electorate. However, liberal-
conservative identifications exert no direct impact on voting choices. Ideology does exert
an indirect effect through its influence on the more proximate determinants of electoral
decisions. These findings are not only consistent with earlier results obtained during the
2000 presidential election; they also conform very closely to the basic theoretical structure
laid out in The American Voter.