Justice requires that evidence seized without a valid warrant always be excluded and not heard by a jury at
trial.
Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree
If a person commits certain crimes, justice might require that that person be held without the filing of
formal charges or trial for a lengthy period of time.
Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree
If a person commits certain crimes, justice might require that that person not be provided access to an
attorney during interrogations.
Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree
If a person commits certain crimes, justice might require that that person not be provided an attorney at
taxpayer expense if he could not afford to pay his own legal fees.
Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree
Sometimes justice might require allowing more relaxed requirements for the police to obtain an arrest
warrant, making a warrant easier to get.
Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree
Sometimes justice might require that a defendant be tried in secret or without public admission to
hearings for reasons of security.
Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree
9. Thank you for your responses to the above propositions. We would now like for you to read the
following passage, which was part of a nightly news program that recently aired:
[Note: Each respondent received either the specific threat or diffuse threat stimulus.]
[Specific Threat Stimulus]
Anchor: “. . . W-KRTV news reported the receipt of a suspicious package this afternoon at 4:00 p.m.
Hazmat teams were called to the television station and the package, an envelope, was sent to the local
authorities for testing for possible toxic substances. Officials report that the package contained a
videotape on which a man, whose face and voice are obscured, stated that America will soon pay for its
crimes throughout the world. In addition, the man on the videotape suggested that the group would soon
take their revenge on what he called ‘the infrastructure of transportation” within the next several weeks.
The man named several possible targets for the group’s activities, including train stations within five
major U.S. cities and four smaller ones . . .”
[Diffuse Threat Stimulus]
Anchor: “. . . A videotape is under investigation by local officials tonight. The footage depicts members
of an unknown group, whose faces and voices are obscured, stating that America will soon pay for its
crimes throughout the world. The tape provides no specific information about the members of the group
and its origins remain unknown.”
[Note: Each respondent received a context stimulus that was either supportive of the extension of
civil liberties or a context stimulus that was critical of the extension of civil liberties.]
[Context stimulus supportive of the extension of civil liberties]
The broadcast then cuts to an interview. The person being interviewed by the reporter states, “The right
to political expression is established firmly in our legal framework through the First Ten Amendments to
the Constitution. While I don’t agree with their tactics, groups like this should, in a healthy society, still
have the right to persuade people that their view is the correct one. Free speech in our system is supposed
to invite dispute. In fact, free speech might be at its finest when it creates dissatisfaction and discomfort.
After all, if people don’t agree with an idea, they can always reject it. As I said, I don’t agree with their
tactics, particularly in this case, because it seems as if they might be willing to commit crimes to further
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Convention