35
35. Lise Vislie, "From Integration to Inclusion: Focusing Global Trends and Changes in the
Western European Societies," European Journal of Special Needs Education 18, no. 1 (2003) 17-35.
36
36. Edward Feinberg and John Vacca, "The Drama and Trauma of Creating Policies on Autism:
Critical Issues to Consider in the New Millennium," Focus on Autism and Other Developmental
Disabilities 15, no. 3 (2000) 130-138.
37
37. Bernadette Baker, "The Hunt for Disability: The New Eugenics and the Normalization of
School Children," Teachers College Record 104, no. 4 (2002) 663-703.
38
38. In their support of brain studies, genetic research and the exploration of hypotheses about
environmental factors such as the mercury in vaccines and gastrointestinal imbalances these
organizations combat resistance in established medical circles. By directly funding research centers and
academic positions these organizations attempt to compensate for what they see as the marginal interest
in autism in medical science.
39
39. A funding and advocacy organization called TAG provides this kind of characterization on
its website in a “flash poem”: “This is Rhea; She does not speak; She does not play; She lives in fear
and pain; She can be self-destructive; She cannot be left alone; She will never go to a prom; She will
never marry; She will never know love; Rhea is autistic.” Tag: Target Autism Genome,
(http://www.targetautism.org) (accessed April 5, 2005).
40
40. Chet Meeks, "Civil Society and the Sexual Politics of Difference," Sociological Theory 19,
no. 3 (2001) 325-343.
41
41. Ibid.
42
42. Zygmunt Bauman, Work, Consumerism and the New Poor, (Buckingham and Philadelphia:
Open University Press, 1998).
43
43. Tania Burchardt, "Capabilities and Disability: The Capabilities Framework and the Social
Model of Disability," Disability & Society 19, no. 7 (2004) 735-752.
44
44. Murray J. Edelman, Political Language: Words That Succeed and Policies That Fail (New
York: Academic Press, 1977).
45
45. S.R. Smith “Distorted Ideals: The Problem of Dependency” and the Mythology of
Independent Living,” Social Theory and Practice, 27 no.4 (2001) 579-599.
46
46. Jennifer Harris and Claire Bamford, "The Uphill Struggle: Services for Deaf and Hard of
Hearing People - Issues of Equality, Participation and Access," Disability & Society 16, no. 7 (2001)
969-979.
47
47. Harry Brighouse, "Can Justice as Fairness Accommodate the Disabled?" Social Theory &
Practice 27, no. 4 (2001) 537-561.
48
48. In the United States, a special education programming costs for a child with can run
$50,000 per year expense in public school and community, and $80,000 per year in institutional setting
(so that the total cost of services from age 2-18 might range $800,000 to $1,280,000). The costs have
largely been assumed through the undervaluing of women’s labor as mothers, teachers,
paraprofessionals, in home aides, respite workers, and medical professionals (Dwight Meredith,
"Autism and the Gender Gap," Wampum (http://wampum.wananaki.net/archives/000572.html)
(accessed April 22, 2003).
49
49. Amartya Kumar Sen and James E. Foster, On Economic Inequality, (Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 1997).
50
50. Harriet McBryde Johnson, "The Disability Gulag," The New York Times Magazine 153
(2003), 58-64; Harriet McBryde Johnson, "Unspeakable Conversations," The New York Times
Magazine 152 (2003), 50-59.
51
51. Martha Craven Nussbaum, Women and Human Development : The Capabilities Approach,
(Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000).
52
52. Jacob Segal, "Freedom and Normalization: Poststructuralism and the Liberalism of Michael
Oakeshott," American Political Science Review 97, no. 3 (2003) 447-458.
53
53.
John Stuart Mill, On Liberty (New York: Penguin Books, 1859/1974)
54
54. Arendt, The Human Condition.
Convention