In addition to these political and economic variables, the data set includes three
additional important variables. The correlates of war (COW) list for intra-state
conflict was used to code a dummy variable for civil war, a measure that also features
in the extant global comparative literature in human rights violations. A dummy
variable was coded 0 for all years preceding 2001, and 1 for all the years from 2001 to
examine the possibility of HRD abuse having increased significantly after 2001.
Finally, a dummy variable was coded 1 for all countries that passed post-911 anti-
terror legislation and 0 for those that have not to allow for an examination of the
possible impact of that legislation on HRD abuse. Table 4 lists all the countries that
passed such legislation, but divides them between democracies (i.e. those having a
Polity score of 6 or greater) and non-democracies (i.e. those having a Polity score less
than 6). It is clear from the table that a slight majority of countries that have passed
post-911 anti-terror legislation are democracies (39 out of 72), and there is a weak
positive and significant correlation between democracy and the passage of post-911
anti-terror legislation (tau b = .09, p < .001).
Table 4. Democracies and Non-Democracies that have passed post-911 anti-terror legislation
Democracies
Non-Democracies
Combined Polity score > 6
Combined Polity score < 6
(N=39) (N=33)
Argentina
Mongolia
Antigua and Barbuda
Niger
Australia Mozambique
Azerbaijan
Pakistan
Austria New
Zealand
Belarus
Samoa
Bangladesh Norway
Belize
Saudi
Arabia
Barbados Panama
Bosnia
Herzegovina
Singapore
Belgium Peru
Brunei
Solomon
Islands
Brazil Poland
Cameroon Tanzania
Bulgaria Romania
China
Tonga
Canada Russia
Dominica
Uganda
Czech Republic
Slovakia
Egypt
United Arab Emirates
Denmark South
Africa
Gambia
Vanuatu
France Spain
Jordan
Yemen
Germany Sweden
Kiribati
Zimbabwe
Greece Switzerland
Kuwait
Hungary Thailand
Liechtenstein
India Ukraine
Malaysia
17
Convention