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Gendering Presidential Functions
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A closer peek at tough: future directions
Important note: this dataset excludes “direct” references to candidates so must be expanded for confident
conclusions. This preliminary analysis draws from two samples of 39 articles in which the use of tough is
clearly gendered and a set of 7 to 14 articles for each function selected because they exemplifies common usage.
Each use was coded as personal, a behavior, something else, whether the use was positive, negative or neutral,
and how it was gendered. I then analyzed content for better interpretations of meaning, whether was official
(policy), words (rhetoric, message), process (battle, stance), other things (day, ad), or a decision or crisis.
References to tough, tied to functions: (sample)•
C-I-C: mostly things, equally positive and neutral, overwhelmingly transgendered., 30%
official, 40% decisions/crisis, 20% process, 20% other
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CEO: Some behavior, more things, equally positive and neutral, overwhelmingly
transgendered., all official. Some decisions.
•
HOS: some personal, more behavior, mostly things; 2.5% positive 75% neutral, mostly
words. No decisions.
•
Moral: Some personal, equal positive, negative, neutral. all transgendered., more things:
all words. No decisions
•
Legis: All things, 70% official/process, 30% words. No decisions.
References to tough, not tied to functions.•
Mostly personal, positive, 1/3 each MM, M, and T
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| | Authors: Duerst-Lahti, Georgia. |
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A closer peek at tough: future directions
Important note: this dataset excludes “direct” references to candidates so must be expanded for confident
conclusions. This preliminary analysis draws from two samples of 39 articles in which the use of tough is
clearly gendered and a set of 7 to 14 articles for each function selected because they exemplifies common usage.
Each use was coded as personal, a behavior, something else, whether the use was positive, negative or neutral,
and how it was gendered. I then analyzed content for better interpretations of meaning, whether was official
(policy), words (rhetoric, message), process (battle, stance), other things (day, ad), or a decision or crisis.
References to tough, tied to functions: (sample)
•
C-I-C: mostly things, equally positive and neutral, overwhelmingly transgendered., 30%
official, 40% decisions/crisis, 20% process, 20% other
•
CEO: Some behavior, more things, equally positive and neutral, overwhelmingly
transgendered., all official. Some decisions.
•
HOS: some personal, more behavior, mostly things; 2.5% positive 75% neutral, mostly
words. No decisions.
•
Moral: Some personal, equal positive, negative, neutral. all transgendered., more things:
all words. No decisions
•
Legis: All things, 70% official/process, 30% words. No decisions.
References to tough, not tied to functions.
•
Mostly personal, positive, 1/3 each MM, M, and T
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