59
Table 2
Issue Categories of Social/Political Authoritarianism in the CMP Data
Political Authority: Favorable mentions of strong government, including government
stability; manifesto party’s competence to govern and/or other parties’ lack of such
competence.
National Way of Life, Positive: Appeals to patriotism and/or nationalism; suspension of
some freedoms in order to protect the state against subversion; support for established
national ideas.
Traditional Morality, Positive: Favorable mentions of traditional moral values;
prohibition, censorship, and suppression of immorality and unseemly behavior;
maintenance and stability of family; religion.
Law and Order: Enforcement of all laws; actions against crime; support and resources for
police; tougher attitudes in courts.
Social Harmony: Appeal for national effort and solidarity; need for society to see itself as
united; appeal for public spiritedness; decrying anti-social attitudes in times of crisis;
support for the public interest.
Multiculturalism, Negative: Enforcement or encouragement of cultural integration;
otherwise as [Multiculturalism: Positive], but negative.
Source: Budge et al. 2001. 222-228.
Convention