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Machiavelli and the Tragic View of Politics: A Reading of La Mandragola

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This paper offers an exegesis of Machiavelii’s play La Mandragola and attempts to draw out its connections to the author’s broader political theory. In the first part of the paper I read the play as a re-telling of the ancient tragedy of Lucretia in the Histories of Livy as a modern comedy and analyze the ‘remedy’ that Machiavelli seems to offer for the Florentine politics of his day – a politics devoid of ancient virtù and filled with solely self-interested and ambitious individuals. Reading the play with this lens, I conclude in this section that the ‘hero’ of the play closely accords to the virtuous prince that Machiavelli describes in his work of that name: he is able to overcome fortune through virtù, instrumentally uses religion in order to achieve his goals, and relies mainly on fraud, which is most often a more effective means than force.
In the second part of the paper, I step back from this comic reading and question whether this ‘Machiavellian’ remedy is the real remedy Machiavelli seeks to offer for the politics of his day. In doing so I call attention to the fact that his ‘remedy’ includes no revival of ancient virtue, no renewal of the civic nature of religion, and no truly patriotic citizens – all of which were facets of the Roman Republic that Machiavelli highly praised in his Discourses and sought a return to in the politics of his day. This second reading of the play highlights its tragic elements, as well as illuminates the tragic dimensions of Machiavelli’s own political thought. This tragic reading of the play draws attention to Machiavelli’s emphasis on and concern with the many forces he believes are largely beyond human control – forces such as the overwhelming power of Fortuna and the inevitable rise and fall of all political regimes – which human beings must struggle against if they wish to shape their own political worlds.
In offering this reading, I challenge many of the standard readings of Machiavelli as the quintessential modern thinker who sought man’s domination of nature and a break from the Polybian political cycle. In contrast to this view, I assert that Machiavelli’s focus on human strength is dependent upon his belief in ultimate human weakness; yet, princes and politicians must believe that they have this strength if they are to act in the world and change it, even if the human power to act in the world is, in the end, dwarfed by chance and Fortuna. I conclude with an analysis of Machiavelli’s political writings, including his letters, which exhibit this more robust vision of human life and fundamentally call into question his modernity.

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machiavelli (147), play (69), one (65), fortun (64), princ (63), callimaco (54), lucretia (52), polit (47), religion (47), discours (44), human (44), chapter (44), good (40), write (40), act (39), book (38), ligurio (37), charact (36), end (35), remedi (35), would (35),
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Lombardini, John. "Machiavelli and the Tragic View of Politics: A Reading of La Mandragola" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Marriott Wardman Park, Omni Shoreham, Washington Hilton, Washington, DC, Sep 01, 2005 <Not Available>. 2011-03-14 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p42420_index.html>

APA Citation:

Lombardini, J. , 2005-09-01 "Machiavelli and the Tragic View of Politics: A Reading of La Mandragola" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Marriott Wardman Park, Omni Shoreham, Washington Hilton, Washington, DC Online <PDF>. 2011-03-14 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p42420_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: This paper offers an exegesis of Machiavelii’s play La Mandragola and attempts to draw out its connections to the author’s broader political theory. In the first part of the paper I read the play as a re-telling of the ancient tragedy of Lucretia in the Histories of Livy as a modern comedy and analyze the ‘remedy’ that Machiavelli seems to offer for the Florentine politics of his day – a politics devoid of ancient virtù and filled with solely self-interested and ambitious individuals. Reading the play with this lens, I conclude in this section that the ‘hero’ of the play closely accords to the virtuous prince that Machiavelli describes in his work of that name: he is able to overcome fortune through virtù, instrumentally uses religion in order to achieve his goals, and relies mainly on fraud, which is most often a more effective means than force.
In the second part of the paper, I step back from this comic reading and question whether this ‘Machiavellian’ remedy is the real remedy Machiavelli seeks to offer for the politics of his day. In doing so I call attention to the fact that his ‘remedy’ includes no revival of ancient virtue, no renewal of the civic nature of religion, and no truly patriotic citizens – all of which were facets of the Roman Republic that Machiavelli highly praised in his Discourses and sought a return to in the politics of his day. This second reading of the play highlights its tragic elements, as well as illuminates the tragic dimensions of Machiavelli’s own political thought. This tragic reading of the play draws attention to Machiavelli’s emphasis on and concern with the many forces he believes are largely beyond human control – forces such as the overwhelming power of Fortuna and the inevitable rise and fall of all political regimes – which human beings must struggle against if they wish to shape their own political worlds.
In offering this reading, I challenge many of the standard readings of Machiavelli as the quintessential modern thinker who sought man’s domination of nature and a break from the Polybian political cycle. In contrast to this view, I assert that Machiavelli’s focus on human strength is dependent upon his belief in ultimate human weakness; yet, princes and politicians must believe that they have this strength if they are to act in the world and change it, even if the human power to act in the world is, in the end, dwarfed by chance and Fortuna. I conclude with an analysis of Machiavelli’s political writings, including his letters, which exhibit this more robust vision of human life and fundamentally call into question his modernity.

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Document Type: PDF
Page count: 35
Word count: 12658
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A Tragic View of Politics? A Reading of Machiavelli’s La Mandragola John Lombardini Princeton University jlombard@princeton.edu APSA 2005 Poster Presentation Washington D.C. September 2nd 2005 …Morone was seized and the dukedom of Milan is overthrown; and as he has waited for the hood all the other princes will wait for it and there is no further recourse. Thus it is imposed from above. 1 …I am now beginning to write again and I relieve myself by blaming the princes
reluctant to agree to the plan Ligurio convinces him that they can easily kidnap a person to lie with his wife without the treachery being found out by the police. Lucretia however is not so easy to convince. Her mother Sostrata must take her to Frate Timoteo who convinces her that committing adultery in this situation would not be a sin. After administering the potion to Lucretia Callimaco disguises himself as a minstrel and the other characters kidnap and


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