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CAREs Decision to propose Programa SUR for the Southern Border Region of Ecuador, A Case Study of NGO Decison-making
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President Toledo of Peru urged that “the mobilization of resources for investment in the region be accelerated on a priority basis” and indicated that the two countries had invested out of their own resources more than $500 million for development of the frontier region since the Brasilia Peace Accords of 1998. The total amount committed by the donor community was $230 million.
41
For the second anniversary of the Peace Accords, CARE/Peru was a leading institution
in coordinating a forum of Peruvian and Ecuadorian NGOs on border development projects, the results of which were submitted to the Bi-National Executive Board.
42
After political changes in
each country on November 7, 2003 the presidents of Peru and Ecuador met to relaunch the binational development plan and called on friendly countries and donor agencies to provide additional funds for the projects in the binational plan.
43
The United States global and regional influence helped to insure support from
international and regional institutions for aid to Peru and Ecuador. U.S. AID is the largest donor of grant funds in Ecuador, which it states are “playing a critical role in serving several key areas of U.S. national interest”.
44
Ecuador has an important strategic location between Colombia and
Peru, two countries which have been important in the drug trade. It is the only country in South America to lease a military base to the United States. It is the fifth largest oil producer in South America. Oil is its largest export and rising oil prices helped the economy grow by more than 6% in 2004.
45
Thus it is in the interest of the United States to help prevent further conflict between
Ecuador and Peru as well as in the interests of the Andean Community itself of which Peru and Ecuador are key members.
III. ASSESSMENT
A. Instrumental: Stated Objective Accomplished?
Although the program is still in process, it has so far met its stated objectives. In the area of
increasing access to social services over 390, 834 have benefited from the installing of 87 new or improved systems of drinking water, 3, 803 new or improved sanitary units, and 21 new or improved garbage systems by September 2004. However evaluators at mid-term questioned whether the new potable water systems established would be sustainable as the tariffs charged by the Water Boards did not provide for savings for future repairs. They also questioned the cost of school bathrooms, which at $11,000 was sufficient to build 20 family bathrooms. In the natural resource area, the program succeeded in obtaining land titles for 73,079 hectares by 2002 thus benefiting 5,287 persons and increased this number to 111, 561 hectares thus benefiting 15, 225 with land titles. It was able to place 114, 428 hectares under resource management plans by September 2004. However the evaluation team recommended that more emphasis be placed on obtaining land titles because of the benefit this would bring in protecting natural resources and less emphasis be placed on preparing resource management plans, which it found have little benefit to the population.
46
41
Inter-American Development Bank, Press release, “Presidents of Peru and Ecuador Reaffirm Commitment to
Peace Process and Economic Development of the Border Region,”, March 10, 2002, www.iadb.org.
42
U.S. AID, “Regional Overview: Peru, Improved quality of life of Peruvians along the Peru-Ecuador border target
areas (Peru-Ecuador Border Region Development), 527-008”, February 2003,
www.usaid.gov
.
43
Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de Peru, “Relaunching the Binational Plan,” www.rree.gob.pe.
44
U.S. AID, “Regional Overview: Ecuador”, February 2003,
www.usaid.gov
.
45
Miami Herald, January 19, 2005, www.miami.com.
46
Kenneth G. Schofield, Sigifredo Ramirez, and Bruce S. Kernan, Final Report, Mid-Term Evaluation Ecuador
Border Region Development Program ASSA/PSUR, submitted to USAID/Ecuador, August 2003, p. 6-8,14 and Programa Sur, Sostenibilidad y Union Regional, Boletin Semestral, Octubre 2004, p.8.
9
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President Toledo of Peru urged that “the mobilization of resources for investment in the region
be accelerated on a priority basis” and indicated that the two countries had invested out of their
own resources more than $500 million for development of the frontier region since the Brasilia
Peace Accords of 1998. The total amount committed by the donor community was $230
million.
For the second anniversary of the Peace Accords, CARE/Peru was a leading institution
in coordinating a forum of Peruvian and Ecuadorian NGOs on border development projects, the
results of which were submitted to the Bi-National Executive Board.
After political changes in
each country on November 7, 2003 the presidents of Peru and Ecuador met to relaunch the
binational development plan and called on friendly countries and donor agencies to provide
additional funds for the projects in the binational plan.
The United States global and regional influence helped to insure support from
international and regional institutions for aid to Peru and Ecuador. U.S. AID is the largest donor
of grant funds in Ecuador, which it states are “playing a critical role in serving several key areas
of U.S. national interest”.
Ecuador has an important strategic location between Colombia and
Peru, two countries which have been important in the drug trade. It is the only country in South
America to lease a military base to the United States. It is the fifth largest oil producer in South
America. Oil is its largest export and rising oil prices helped the economy grow by more than 6%
in 2004.
Thus it is in the interest of the United States to help prevent further conflict between
Ecuador and Peru as well as in the interests of the Andean Community itself of which Peru and
Ecuador are key members.
III. ASSESSMENT
A. Instrumental: Stated Objective Accomplished?
Although the program is still in process, it has so far met its stated objectives. In the area of
increasing access to social services over 390, 834 have benefited from the installing of 87 new or
improved systems of drinking water, 3, 803 new or improved sanitary units, and 21 new or
improved garbage systems by September 2004. However evaluators at mid-term questioned
whether the new potable water systems established would be sustainable as the tariffs charged by
the Water Boards did not provide for savings for future repairs. They also questioned the cost of
school bathrooms, which at $11,000 was sufficient to build 20 family bathrooms. In the natural
resource area, the program succeeded in obtaining land titles for 73,079 hectares by 2002 thus
benefiting 5,287 persons and increased this number to 111, 561 hectares thus benefiting 15, 225
with land titles. It was able to place 114, 428 hectares under resource management plans by
September 2004. However the evaluation team recommended that more emphasis be placed on
obtaining land titles because of the benefit this would bring in protecting natural resources and
less emphasis be placed on preparing resource management plans, which it found have little
benefit to the population.
41
Inter-American Development Bank, Press release, “Presidents of Peru and Ecuador Reaffirm Commitment to
Peace Process and Economic Development of the Border Region,”, March 10, 2002, www.iadb.org.
42
U.S. AID, “Regional Overview: Peru, Improved quality of life of Peruvians along the Peru-Ecuador border target
areas (Peru-Ecuador Border Region Development), 527-008”, February 2003,
.
43
Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de Peru, “Relaunching the Binational Plan,” www.rree.gob.pe.
44
U.S. AID, “Regional Overview: Ecuador”, February 2003,
45
Miami Herald, January 19, 2005, www.miami.com.
46
Kenneth G. Schofield, Sigifredo Ramirez, and Bruce S. Kernan, Final Report, Mid-Term Evaluation Ecuador
Border Region Development Program ASSA/PSUR, submitted to USAID/Ecuador, August 2003, p. 6-8,14 and
Programa Sur, Sostenibilidad y Union Regional, Boletin Semestral, Octubre 2004, p.8.
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