30
See Nederman, ‘Body Politics’.
31
‘Ipsa quidem proximior et convenientior animae sedes est in ipso purissimo sanguine in
cordis centro contento, a quodam quidem sanguine per omnes arterias totius corporis
rectificationis fluxum vitals spiritus capiunt. Sicut igitur ipsae arteriae se per totum
corpus undique per ramos transfundunt ex uno principio, ut per medium ipsarum vitalis
spiritus fluat, sic divinae sanctiones totum ecclesiae corpus etiam aeque potenter
circumenunt dulci vitalique strictura ambientes omnia membra.’ Nicholas of Cusa, De
concordantia catholica, III, xli, pp. 468-9.
32
Roy Porter, The Greatest Benefit to Mankind: A medical history of humanity (New
York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1997), 211.
33
Cusa, De concordantia catholica, III, xil, p. 468, nn. 585-586. See also Nicholas of
Cusa, The Catholic Concordance (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991) 319,
n.14.
34
Sir John Fortescue, On the laws and Governance of England, ed. Shelley Lockwood
(Cambridge: Cabridge University Press, 1997), pp. 20-21.
35
G. Rosen, ‘The Historical Significance of Some Medical References in the Defensor
Pacis of Marsilius of Padua’, Sudhoffs Archiv für Geschichte der Medizin 37 (1953), 350-
56.
36
Lynn Thorndike, ‘Translations of Works of Galen from the Greek by Peter of Abano’,
Isis 33 (1942), 649-653?.
37
Nancy Siraisi, Arts and Sciences at Padua: The Studium of Padua before 1350
(Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1973), 163-65.
38
Ilza Veith ascribes the dearth of surgical practice in China before the arrival of Western
medicine to ‘the Confucian tents of the sacredness of the body, which counteracted any
tendency toward the development of anatomical studies and the practice of surgery’.
Huang Ti Nei Ching Su Wên: The Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Internal Medicine, trans.
Ilza Veith (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002), p. 3. This may be the case
with Tokugawa Japanese medicine.
39
Yoro Takeshi, Nihonjin no Shintaikan no Rekishi (A History of the Japanese Idea of the
Body) (Tokyo: Hozokan, 1996), 208.
40
Huang Ti Nei Ching Su Wên: The Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Internal Medicine, trans.
Ilza Veith (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002)
41
Paul U. Unschuld, Medicine in China: A History of Ideas (Los Angeles: University of
California Press, 1985), p. 100. Cf. Porter, The Greatest Benefit to Mankind, p. 151.
42
Yamaga Soko, Yamaga Gorui (Collected Words of Yamaga)(Nihon Shiso Taikei, vol
32), ed. Tahara Tsuguo and Morimoto Junichiro (Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, 1970), pp.
43
Miura Baien, Zeigo (Superfluous Words), ed. Yamada Keiji (Chûô Kôronsha, 1984), p.
517.
44
Samuel Hideo Yamashita, Master Sorai’s Responsals: An annotated translation of
Sorai Sensei Tomonsho (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1994), 48.
45
Ibid.
46
Ibid., p. 70.
47
Ibid.
48
Ibid.
49
Ibid., pp. 60-61: ‘A successful physician sees gypsum and monkshood root as useful
medicines, whereas an unskilled physician sees them as unreliable substances and
searches, instead, for medicine that have the same effect but not their drawbacks. …’
Convention