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The Anatomy of Pessimism: Outline of a Neglected Tradition

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Abstract:

This paper claims that there is a tradition of pessimistic thought, initiated by Rousseau, which shadows post-Enlightenment political philosophy both of the Continental and Anglo-American varieties. In attempting to reframe the history of political theory so that pessimism becomes one of its major strands, I will not be arguing for paying attention to a series of writers who have been, heretofore, wholly unknown. I shall be arguing, instead, that while many of the pessimists are well-known, the nature of their common project (indeed, the very idea that they have a common project) has been obscured. Since pessimism is understood more as a disposition rather than as a theory, pessimists are seen primarily as dissenters from whatever the prevailing consensus of their time happens to be, rather than as constituting an continuous alternative. What they share then is something more than a sensibility, but less than a doctrine. It might be best to say that they share a problematic – their thoughts all emerge from the question posed to them by the modern problem of time – that issues in a certain approach to traditional questions of political theory. This tradition (which could be said to include, among others, Rousseau, Leopardi, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Weber, Freud, Unamuno, Camus, Adorno, and Cioran) coalesces, I argue, around a series of propostions which are, in their bluntest form, as follows: that time is a burden; that the course of history is in some sense ironic; that freedom and happiness are incompatible; and that human existence is absurd. Finally, there is a divide between those pessimists, like Schopenhauer, who suggest that the only reasonable response to these propositions is a kind of resignation, and those, like Nietzsche, who reject resignation in favor of a more life-affirming ethic of individualism and spontaneity.

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time (133), one (96), pessimist (93), human (89), pessim (78), philosophi (60), exist (60), conscious (59), reason (48), idea (46), life (46), condit (44), us (43), like (43), modern (42), sens (41), progress (41), even (41), polit (40), anim (40), would (39),

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pessimism, rousseau, schopenhauer, nietzsche, camus, cioran, leopardi, freud, unamuno, continental, modern, political theory, postmodern, tragedy, resignation, optimism, time, history, narrative, self, philosophy, technique, absurd, individuality, happiness, ethic
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Name: American Political Science Association
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MLA Citation:

Dienstag, Joshua. "The Anatomy of Pessimism: Outline of a Neglected Tradition" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Hilton Chicago and the Palmer House Hilton, Chicago, IL, Sep 02, 2004 <Not Available>. 2009-05-26 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p59082_index.html>

APA Citation:

Dienstag, J. , 2004-09-02 "The Anatomy of Pessimism: Outline of a Neglected Tradition" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Hilton Chicago and the Palmer House Hilton, Chicago, IL Online <.PDF>. 2009-05-26 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p59082_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: This paper claims that there is a tradition of pessimistic thought, initiated by Rousseau, which shadows post-Enlightenment political philosophy both of the Continental and Anglo-American varieties. In attempting to reframe the history of political theory so that pessimism becomes one of its major strands, I will not be arguing for paying attention to a series of writers who have been, heretofore, wholly unknown. I shall be arguing, instead, that while many of the pessimists are well-known, the nature of their common project (indeed, the very idea that they have a common project) has been obscured. Since pessimism is understood more as a disposition rather than as a theory, pessimists are seen primarily as dissenters from whatever the prevailing consensus of their time happens to be, rather than as constituting an continuous alternative. What they share then is something more than a sensibility, but less than a doctrine. It might be best to say that they share a problematic – their thoughts all emerge from the question posed to them by the modern problem of time – that issues in a certain approach to traditional questions of political theory. This tradition (which could be said to include, among others, Rousseau, Leopardi, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Weber, Freud, Unamuno, Camus, Adorno, and Cioran) coalesces, I argue, around a series of propostions which are, in their bluntest form, as follows: that time is a burden; that the course of history is in some sense ironic; that freedom and happiness are incompatible; and that human existence is absurd. Finally, there is a divide between those pessimists, like Schopenhauer, who suggest that the only reasonable response to these propositions is a kind of resignation, and those, like Nietzsche, who reject resignation in favor of a more life-affirming ethic of individualism and spontaneity.

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Document Type: .PDF
Page count: 30
Word count: 18274
Text sample:
The Anatomy of Pessimism: Outline of a Neglected Tradition Joshua Foa Dienstag University of Virginia Prepared for delivery at the 2004 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association September 2 - September 5 2004. The idea that a pessimistic philosophy is necessarily one of discouragement is a puerile idea but one that needs too long a refutation. -- Albert Camus Can it really be the case that an entire tradition of thought has gone missing from our standard
"is the only transcendental value for men without God" (R 166). In this sense it is optimism rather than pessimism which is best understood as a negative emotion or disposition. The realm of perfection which metaphysical philosophies projected onto a transcendent plane is projected by optimistic philosophies onto an ever-receding future. If therefore we understand the move to post-metaphysical philosophy as a reflection of our growing humanism we cannot consider this humanism complete until our thinking is post- optimistic


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