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A Computational Model of Political Cognition: The Dynamics of Candidate Evaluation

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Abstract:

In this paper, we report on John Q. Public (JQP), a computational model of political judgement which incorporates both cognitive and affective information within an ACT*-like semantic network and integrates campaign events into candidate evaluations. We develop a set of axioms for our underlying theory of information processing, represent those axioms formally as a computer program written in Common Lisp within the ACT-R framework, and test the internal validity of the model through a series of computational experiments. Using the model, we also simulate the empirical dynamics of candidate evaluation over the course of campaign in the 2000 presidential election using NAES (National Annenberg Election Survey) 2000 data. The results from computational experiments show that the single, principled set of cognitive/affective mechanisms programmed into John Q. Public successfully reproduces a set of well-known empirical phenomena found in electoral research and research on political cognition. Specifically, in response to issue and candidate information, JQP reproduces 1) practice, recency, and spreading activation effects on recall, 2) cognitive and attitude priming effects, 3) question order and wording effects, 4) both on-line and memory-based processing, 5) and, most importantly, adjusts its beliefs and attitudes in response to campaign events. The multiple agents based simulation of empirical dynamics of candidate evaluation in the 2000 election show that John Q. Public successfully and simulataneously reproduces the empirical dynamics over the course of campaign across 5 different ideological groups.

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q (241), bush (178), gore (171), said (170), inform (116), qq (109), process (108), attitud (94), support (89), activ (83), chang (81), level (80), simul (75), evalu (73), democrat (72), effect (69), affect (66), belief (63), initi (61), jame (61), public (60),

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Political Behavior, Election, Political Psychology, Political Cognition, Formal Model, Computational Model, Simulation, Multi-agents Based Simulation
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Name: American Political Science Association
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MLA Citation:

Kim, Sung-youn., Lodge, Milton. and Taber, Charles. "A Computational Model of Political Cognition: The Dynamics of Candidate Evaluation" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Hilton Chicago and the Palmer House Hilton, Chicago, IL, Sep 02, 2004 <Not Available>. 2009-05-26 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p59348_index.html>

APA Citation:

Kim, S. , Lodge, M. and Taber, C. , 2004-09-02 "A Computational Model of Political Cognition: The Dynamics of Candidate Evaluation" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Hilton Chicago and the Palmer House Hilton, Chicago, IL Online <.PDF>. 2009-05-26 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p59348_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: In this paper, we report on John Q. Public (JQP), a computational model of political judgement which incorporates both cognitive and affective information within an ACT*-like semantic network and integrates campaign events into candidate evaluations. We develop a set of axioms for our underlying theory of information processing, represent those axioms formally as a computer program written in Common Lisp within the ACT-R framework, and test the internal validity of the model through a series of computational experiments. Using the model, we also simulate the empirical dynamics of candidate evaluation over the course of campaign in the 2000 presidential election using NAES (National Annenberg Election Survey) 2000 data. The results from computational experiments show that the single, principled set of cognitive/affective mechanisms programmed into John Q. Public successfully reproduces a set of well-known empirical phenomena found in electoral research and research on political cognition. Specifically, in response to issue and candidate information, JQP reproduces 1) practice, recency, and spreading activation effects on recall, 2) cognitive and attitude priming effects, 3) question order and wording effects, 4) both on-line and memory-based processing, 5) and, most importantly, adjusts its beliefs and attitudes in response to campaign events. The multiple agents based simulation of empirical dynamics of candidate evaluation in the 2000 election show that John Q. Public successfully and simulataneously reproduces the empirical dynamics over the course of campaign across 5 different ideological groups.

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Document Type: .pdf
Page count: 40
Word count: 12074
Text sample:
A Computational Model of Political Cognition - The Dynamics of Candidate Evaluation Kim Sung-youn Stony Brook University Lodge Milton Stony Brook University Taber Charles Stony Brook University Abstract In this paper we report on John Q. Public (JQP) a computational model of political judgement which incorporates both cognitive and affective information within an ACT*-like semantic network and integrates campaign events into candidate evaluations. We develop a set of axioms for our underlying theory of information processing represent those axioms
is anti-school-voucher" "Gore said Gore supports resource-for-school" "Gore said Gore supports universal-preschool-programs" "Gore said Bush is anti-resource-for-school" "Gore said tax-cut helps the wealthiest" "Gore said Bush supports tax-cut" "Bush said tax-cut is fair" "Bush said Bush supports tax-cut" "Gore said Bush helps the wealthiest" "Gore said Gore helps the middle-class" "Gore said Gore is credible" "Gore said Gore supports balanced-budget" "Gore said Gore supports targeted-taxcut" "Bush said Gore is not-credible" "Bush said Gore is anti-medicare" "Bush said Gore is


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