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James Madison and the Natural History of the Democratic Party
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91. Jefferson to Madison, June 10, 1792, PJM 14: 315; Madison to Jefferson, June 11, 1792, PJM 14:
317; Jefferson to Madison June 21, 1792, PJM 14: 324-5; Beckely to Madison, August 6, 1792, PJM 14: 346, and September 2, 1792, PJM 14: 356.
92. Jefferson explained to Madison that he could channel a good deal of the State Department’s printing
business through Freneau’s office to help him start up in Philadelphia. The paper was set to start up just before the start of the second Congress in late October 1791. Jefferson and Madison prevailed on friends and acquaintances to take out subscriptions to the paper. Madison even tried to press the House of Representatives for a bill to lower mailing costs for newspapers, but he failed win support in the Senate for this bill (Jefferson to Madison, July 21, 1791; Madison to Jefferson, July 24, 1791; Freneau to Madison, July 25, 1791; in PJM 14: 49, 52, 56-7).
93. “Population and Emigration,” National Gazette November 21, 1791, PJM 14: 117-22; see also
editorial note, PJM 14: 110-112.
94. “Consolidation,” National Gazette, December 5, 1791, PJM 14:137-9. 95. “Parties,” National Gazette, January 23, 1792, PJM 14: 197-8; “Government of the United States,”
National Gazette, February 6, 1792, PJM 14: 217-18; “Republican Distribution of Citizens,” National Gazette, March 5, 1792, PJM 14: 245-6.
96. “A Candid State of Parties,” National Gazette, September 26, 1792, PJM 14: 371-2. 97. In a memorandum concerning his discussions with George Washington concerning the president’s
retirement in 1792, he still conceived of a large middle ground, with a party on one side that included “a few who retaining their original disaffection to the Govt. might still wish to destroy it,” and on the other a group “generally unfriendly to republican Gov[ernmen]t and probably aimed at a gradual approximation of ours to a mixt monarchy,” but without the public support to successful exercise their “dangerous influence.” See “Memorandum on a Discussion of the President’s Retirement, May 5, 1792, PJM 14: 302.
98. Noble E. Cunningham, Jr., The Jeffersonian Republicans: The Formation of a Party Organization,
1789-1801 (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1957), pp. 29-49, 67-76.
99. The Virginia Resolution, PJM 17:188-91. 100. See John Edwards’ assertion that gay marriage is a states’ rights issue, three days after seventy
percent of Missouri voters approved an amendment to the state constitution banning gay marriage; Jo Mannies, “In Rural Missouri, Edwards Touts Ticket’s Support for States’ Rights,” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, August 6, 2004, p. A7.
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91. Jefferson to Madison, June 10, 1792, PJM 14: 315; Madison to Jefferson, June 11, 1792, PJM 14:
317; Jefferson to Madison June 21, 1792, PJM 14: 324-5; Beckely to Madison, August 6, 1792, PJM
14: 346, and September 2, 1792, PJM 14: 356.
92. Jefferson explained to Madison that he could channel a good deal of the State Department’s printing
business through Freneau’s office to help him start up in Philadelphia. The paper was set to start up
just before the start of the second Congress in late October 1791. Jefferson and Madison prevailed
on friends and acquaintances to take out subscriptions to the paper. Madison even tried to press the
House of Representatives for a bill to lower mailing costs for newspapers, but he failed win support in
the Senate for this bill (Jefferson to Madison, July 21, 1791; Madison to Jefferson, July 24, 1791;
Freneau to Madison, July 25, 1791; in PJM 14: 49, 52, 56-7).
93. “Population and Emigration,” National Gazette November 21, 1791, PJM 14: 117-22; see also
editorial note, PJM 14: 110-112.
94. “Consolidation,” National Gazette, December 5, 1791, PJM 14:137-9.
95. “Parties,” National Gazette, January 23, 1792, PJM 14: 197-8; “Government of the United States,”
National Gazette, February 6, 1792, PJM 14: 217-18; “Republican Distribution of Citizens,” National
Gazette, March 5, 1792, PJM 14: 245-6.
96. “A Candid State of Parties,” National Gazette, September 26, 1792, PJM 14: 371-2.
97. In a memorandum concerning his discussions with George Washington concerning the president’s
retirement in 1792, he still conceived of a large middle ground, with a party on one side that included
“a few who retaining their original disaffection to the Govt. might still wish to destroy it,” and on the
other a group “generally unfriendly to republican Gov[ernmen]t and probably aimed at a gradual
approximation of ours to a mixt monarchy,” but without the public support to successful exercise their
“dangerous influence.” See “Memorandum on a Discussion of the President’s Retirement, May 5,
1792, PJM 14: 302.
98. Noble E. Cunningham, Jr., The Jeffersonian Republicans: The Formation of a Party Organization,
1789-1801 (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1957), pp. 29-49, 67-76.
99. The Virginia Resolution, PJM 17:188-91.
100. See John Edwards’ assertion that gay marriage is a states’ rights issue, three days after seventy
percent of Missouri voters approved an amendment to the state constitution banning gay marriage; Jo
Mannies, “In Rural Missouri, Edwards Touts Ticket’s Support for States’ Rights,” St. Louis Post-
Dispatch, August 6, 2004, p. A7.
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