28
long history that rose political and business leaders in Asian countries. While Japan
expanded technical assistance and Yen loans to Asia in the postwar period, the idea of
supporting the self-help efforts of developing countries had become the most important
aid philosophy, and was finally stated in the basic principles of Japan’s ODA Charter in
1992.
110
Table 3: Continuity and Change in Japan’s Economic Development Approach
Policy
Ideas
Colonial Policy for
Manchuria
ODA Policy for Indonesia
Self-help effort
system (Jijyo
Doryoku)
-Fellowship program
-Urban planning
-Fellowship -Expert Service
-Yen Loans
Mutual
interests
between Japan
and Asian
Counties
-Economic infrastructure
establishment
-Development of natural
resources
-Economic infrastructure establishment
-Development of natural resources
State-led
Economy
-Controlled Economy
-Five-year development
plans
-Supported Sukarno’s and Suharto’s
regimes
Public –private
cooperation
-Shingikai system was
established
-
Asian Economic Deliberation Council (AEDC)
-
Foreign Economic Cooperation Advisory
Council (FECAC)
-Consulting companies
Foreign capital
& technology
-the United States
-France
-
Inter-Government Group on Indonesia (IGGI)
-World Bank
-IMF
Asian
economic bloc
-Japan-Manchukuo
Economic Bloc
-Yen bloc
-Pacific Basin Community
Later,
Asian pacific Economic Community
(APEC)
-Yen Loans
Focusing on development of natural resources and economic infrastructure
projects are salient similar lies in Japan’s colonial and ODA policies. To enhancing
security of raw material supply was essential for Japanese foreign policy, and continue to
be important in the future. The development of colonial infrastructure and
industrialization of colonies was part of Japan’s competition with more advanced powers
110
Akira Nishigaki and Yasutami Shimomura, The Economics of Development Assistance (Tokyo: LTCB
International Library Foundation, 1999), 146.