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Ideology and Representation in the U.S. Senate: Roll Calls v. Constituent Assessments
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Ideology and Representation in the U.S. Senate:
Roll Calls v. Constituent Assessments
Joseph Gershtenson
Eastern Kentucky University
Department of Government
521 Lancaster Avenue
Richmond, KY 40475-3102
joe.## email not listed ##
and
Dennis L. Plane
Juniata College
Politics Department
1700 Moore St.
Huntingdon, PA 16652
## email not listed ##
Abstract
Using a roll-call based measure (DW-NOMINATE scores) of senators’ ideologies and
citizen assessments of senators’ ideologies (from the NES Senate Election Study), we offer three contributions to research on substantive representation. First, we show that while strongly related, these measures exhibit some differences and move toward explaining when such differences appear. Second, we demonstrate that judgments about senators’ responsiveness (the extent to which more liberal/conservative senators represent more liberal/conservative states) is sensitive to measurement issues. Third, using citizen assessments, we move beyond responsiveness to examine “representativeness” (the extent to which senators’ ideologies match the average ideologies of their constituents) as a dimension of representation. We conclude that citizen assessments should not be overlooked since representation may ultimately be a phenomenon that rests in the eye of the beholder and since governmental legitimacy itself rests on citizens’ attitudes and beliefs. Prepared for delivery at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association in Chicago, Illinois. September 2
nd
-5
th
, 2004.
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| | Authors: Gershtenson, Joseph. and Plane, Dennis. |
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Ideology and Representation in the U.S. Senate:
Roll Calls v. Constituent Assessments
Joseph Gershtenson
Eastern Kentucky University
Department of Government
521 Lancaster Avenue
Richmond, KY 40475-3102
joe.## email not listed ##
and
Dennis L. Plane
Juniata College
Politics Department
1700 Moore St.
Huntingdon, PA 16652
## email not listed ##
Abstract
Using a roll-call based measure (DW-NOMINATE scores) of senators’ ideologies and
citizen assessments of senators’ ideologies (from the NES Senate Election Study), we offer three
contributions to research on substantive representation. First, we show that while strongly
related, these measures exhibit some differences and move toward explaining when such
differences appear. Second, we demonstrate that judgments about senators’ responsiveness (the
extent to which more liberal/conservative senators represent more liberal/conservative states) is
sensitive to measurement issues. Third, using citizen assessments, we move beyond
responsiveness to examine “representativeness” (the extent to which senators’ ideologies match
the average ideologies of their constituents) as a dimension of representation. We conclude that
citizen assessments should not be overlooked since representation may ultimately be a
phenomenon that rests in the eye of the beholder and since governmental legitimacy itself rests
on citizens’ attitudes and beliefs.
Prepared for delivery at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association in
Chicago, Illinois. September 2
nd
-5
th
, 2004.
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