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Ap
p e n d i x 1 In
d i ces o
f Decen
t r al
i z at
i o n
C
o untr
y
F
e der
a l Regional
El
ect
i o n
s
T
e rri
t o ri
a l
Au
t o n
o m
y
Au
st
r a l i a Ye
s
Ye
s
1
Au
st
r i a Ye
s
Ye
s
2
B
e l g i u m
Y
e s (f
r o m
1993)
Y
e s
1
C
a n a d a Ye
s
Ye
s
2
De
n m
a r k No
No
2
Fi
n l a n d No
No
2
F r a n c e
N
o
Y
e s (f
r o m
1986)
1
Ge
r m
a n y Ye
s
Ye
s
2
I r e l a n d No
No
1
I t a l y No
Ye
s
1
Ja
p a n No
No
2
Ne
t h e r l a n d s No
Ye
s
0
Ne
w
Z
e a l a n d
No
No
0
No
r w
a y No
No
2
S p a i n
Y
e s (f
r o m
1990)
Y
e s
1
S w
ed
en
N
o
N
o
2
S w
itze
r lan
d Y
e s
Y
e s
2
U
n i t e d K
i n gdo
m
N
o
N
o
1
U
n i t e d St
a t e s
Ye
s
Ye
s
2
N
o t e : R
e gi
o n a l E
l e c t i o n da
t a i s dr
a w
n f
r o m
H
o o g h e a
n d M
a r k s (2001).
T
e r r i t o r i a l A
u t o n o m
y
v
a l u e s a
r e dr
a w
n f
r o m
W
o l d e n do
r p e
t a
l . (2000).
R
e v e n u e m
e a su
r e s (
n o t sh
o w
n ) a
r e
d
r aw
n f
r o m
O
E
C
D
n
a tio
n a l ac
c o u n ts
(
v ar
io
u s y
e ar
s ) .
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