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Voting and Representation
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18
Table 3
Voting, Race, and Correspondence
Congress
105
th
106
th
107
th
White
0.026
**
0.028
**
0.028
**
Ideology
[0.006]
[0.006]
[0.006]
Black
0.007
0.009
0.013
Ideology
[0.012]
[0.012]
[0.012]
Race
0.031
-0.011
-0.023
[0.058]
[0.058]
[0.056]
White Ideology
0.013
+
0.015
*
0.012
+
* Turnout
[0.007]
[0.007]
[0.007]
Black Ideology
0.014
0.010
0.007
* Turnout
[0.015]
[0.015]
[0.014]
Turnout
-0.118
**
-0.119
**
-0.128
**
[0.030]
[0.032]
[0.030]
Turnout
0.087
0.127
+
0.134
*
* Race
[0.068]
[0.068]
[0.066]
Constant
-0.142
**
-0.185
**
-0.220
**
[0.026]
[0.028]
[0.027]
N
54,908
60,562
64,413
Robust standard errors in brackets
+
denotes p< .10;
*
p< .05;
**
p<.01
Testing Explanations for Asymmetric Voting Rewards
Using the discussion above concerning the reasons that voters are rewarded, we can
pursue explanations for the asymmetry between whites and African Americans' rewards for
voting. One of the reasons that voters are rewarded for casting a ballot is that they often choose
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18
Table 3
Voting, Race, and Correspondence
Congress
105
th
106
th
107
th
White
0.026
**
0.028
**
0.028
**
Ideology
[0.006]
[0.006]
[0.006]
Black
0.007
0.009
0.013
Ideology
[0.012]
[0.012]
[0.012]
Race
0.031
-0.011
-0.023
[0.058]
[0.058]
[0.056]
White Ideology
0.013
+
0.015
*
0.012
+
* Turnout
[0.007]
[0.007]
[0.007]
Black Ideology
0.014
0.010
0.007
* Turnout
[0.015]
[0.015]
[0.014]
Turnout
-0.118
**
-0.119
**
-0.128
**
[0.030]
[0.032]
[0.030]
Turnout
0.087
0.127
+
0.134
*
* Race
[0.068]
[0.068]
[0.066]
Constant
-0.142
**
-0.185
**
-0.220
**
[0.026]
[0.028]
[0.027]
N
54,908
60,562
64,413
Robust standard errors in brackets
+
denotes p< .10;
*
p< .05;
**
p<.01
Testing Explanations for Asymmetric Voting Rewards
Using the discussion above concerning the reasons that voters are rewarded, we can
pursue explanations for the asymmetry between whites and African Americans' rewards for
voting. One of the reasons that voters are rewarded for casting a ballot is that they often choose
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