19
Tuchman, Gaye. 1974. "Making News by Doing Work: Routinizing the Unexpected."
American Journal of Sociology 79(1): 110-131.
Tuchman, Gaye. 1978. Making News: A Study in the Construction of Reality. New York:
Free Press.
Zilber, Jeremy, and David Niven. 2000. Racialized Coverage of Congress: The News in
Black and White. Westport, CT: Praeger.
Notes
1
Tuchman (1972) writes of the hierarchy of editors who criticize work they do not like,
passing the complaint from top editor back down to the original writer. Each person,
beginning with the writer therefore has an incentive not to allow objectionable copy to
proceed above themselves. Thus, is not limited to the occasional rebuke itself but the
ongoing anticipatory effort to avoid negative feedback.
2
For example, Tuchman (1972, 669) writes of a reporter who was covert liberal: "Had
his sympathies been perceived, he would not have been sent to future demonstrations.
Furthermore, his stories would have been substantially altered, and they were not. Indeed,
among themselves, the editors praised this reporter's work. In sum, the reporter
manipulated his superiors, interjecting his own views, by following a procedure they
associated with objectivity."
3
As Fishman (1980, 35) colorfully quotes a newspaper editor discussing the material
available for his political reporter to cover, "It's a bottomless pit. City government,
county government are both a bottomless pit. He never has enough time to write
everything he might write."
4
Craig Gilbert, "House Backs Permanent Tax Cut in Mostly Party-Line Vote."
Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, March 8, 2002, 4A.
5
John Lancaster and Helen Dewar, "Congress Clears Use of Force," Washington Post,
September 20, 2001, A4.
6
Glenn Kessler and Juliet Eilperin, "House Vote Sets Up Battle on Extending Bush Tax
Cut," Washington Post, April 19, 2002, A7.
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