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A Comparison of Critical Information Infrastructure Protection in the United States and Germany: An Institutional Perspective
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ethnicity. Besides fighting these forces, their actions are also intended to spark resistance among compatriots, and raise international awareness of their struggle.
The activists are often recruited from the most disadvantaged part of the minority population, and supported by a legal or semi-legal political wing of the movement. Depending on the intensity of the conflict and the level of resentment among the general population of a territory, the terrorists may be able to live and operate in relative security and with support of their larger community. As such, there is no comparison to the U.S.
The target, motivation, and sources of separatist movements quickly and inevitaly turn government responses into military operations, which indeed results in the war-like state that is claimed to be the reason for the terrorist violence in the first place. Such a permanent state of emergency in certain parts of a country with its ramifications for daily life, civil rights, economic development, etc. is not comparable to measures by te U.S. government, not even at the highest threat level.
Targets of this type of terrorism are mostly individuals or installations of the foreign country government like embassies or airline offices, and occasionally members competing exile groups. Infrastructures of the host country are not targeted. Since this category contains multi-cause groups, the motivations are a mix of the two described above, with ethnic-nationalistic movements clearly dominating (Palestinians against the state of Israel, Kurds against Turkey, etc.).
Like motivations, the sources and operatives are similar two the two categories described above. However, the fact that they act in a non-native environment makes support limited to the small group of fellow exiles. Support by natives almost never exceeds symbolic political actions.
Since the sources are part of a relatively small, isolated, and, if legal residents, well documented community, law enforcement focusses on monitoring and controlling certain groups, complicated however by linguistic and cultural barriers. Attacks on installations are prevented by adding security.
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| | Authors: Pommerening, Christine. |
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ethnicity. Besides fighting these forces, their actions are also intended to spark resistance
among compatriots, and raise international awareness of their struggle.
The activists are often recruited from the most disadvantaged part of the minority
population, and supported by a legal or semi-legal political wing of the movement.
Depending on the intensity of the conflict and the level of resentment among the general
population of a territory, the terrorists may be able to live and operate in relative security
and with support of their larger community. As such, there is no comparison to the U.S.
The target, motivation, and sources of separatist movements quickly and inevitaly turn
government responses into military operations, which indeed results in the war-like state
that is claimed to be the reason for the terrorist violence in the first place. Such a
permanent state of emergency in certain parts of a country with its ramifications for daily
life, civil rights, economic development, etc. is not comparable to measures by te U.S.
government, not even at the highest threat level.
Targets of this type of terrorism are mostly individuals or installations of the foreign
country government like embassies or airline offices, and occasionally members
competing exile groups. Infrastructures of the host country are not targeted. Since this
category contains multi-cause groups, the motivations are a mix of the two described
above, with ethnic-nationalistic movements clearly dominating (Palestinians against the
state of Israel, Kurds against Turkey, etc.).
Like motivations, the sources and operatives are similar two the two categories described
above. However, the fact that they act in a non-native environment makes support limited
to the small group of fellow exiles. Support by natives almost never exceeds symbolic
political actions.
Since the sources are part of a relatively small, isolated, and, if legal residents, well
documented community, law enforcement focusses on monitoring and controlling certain
groups, complicated however by linguistic and cultural barriers. Attacks on installations
are prevented by adding security.
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