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Hegemony and Resistance: Linguistic Globalization in the Early 20th Century |
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Abstract:
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This paper examines linguistic and cultural hegemony and resistance during the period of globalization at the beginning of the 20th century. The premise is that such an examination can broaden our conceptualization of contemporary linguistic and cultural globalization: Were the cultural implications of the earlier period of globalization fundamentally different from or nearly the same as those of today’s globalization?
The paper first identifies the nature of cultural hegemony in the early 20th century. Ranajit Guha, one of the founders of Subaltern Studies, has argued that British colonial rule in India exemplified cultural domination rather than hegemony. The British never penetrated the Indian cultural zone of autonomy, as Partha Chatterjee has put it. Yet by the nineteen-teens, Mahatma Gandhi was clearly concerned that a preference for the English language was widespread amongst Indian nationalists.
Gandhi’s admonition against British linguistic hegemony was, however, constrained by the local language politics of North India. The renown historians, John Gallagher and Ronald Robinson, have suggested in their seminal studies of imperialism that resistance to colonial rule is patterned according to local culture and environment rather than to imperial practices. Similarly, cultural and linguistic imperialist patterns may well be determined by local politics in the metropole. By comparing resistance to differing linguistic policies and practices in the early 20th century, the paper weighs the importance of the local and global contexts of cultural hegemony and resistance. For purposes of comparison, the focus of the paper will be on the English language in British India and French linguistic hegemony during the same period of rapid economic globalization and liberalization in the early 20th century.
The paper concludes with a longitudinal comparison of this early era of globalization with linguistic globalization of today, the latter outlined in my recent book, The Local Politics of Global English: Case Studies in Linguistic Globalization (Lexington, November 2003). |
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english (50), coloni (49), languag (41), global (41), resist (40), cultur (40), linguist (37), hegemoni (36), centuri (33), india (32), nation (26), earli (25), authent (23), univers (23), press (22), 1997 (22), gandhi (21), 20th (20), practic (18), british (18), new (17), |
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Name: American Political Science Association URL: http://www.apsanet.org
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Citation:
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MLA Citation:
| Sonntag, Selma. "Hegemony and Resistance: Linguistic Globalization in the Early 20th Century" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Hilton Chicago and the Palmer House Hilton, Chicago, IL, Sep 02, 2004 <Not Available>. 2009-05-26 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p60962_index.html> |
APA Citation:
| Sonntag, S. , 2004-09-02 "Hegemony and Resistance: Linguistic Globalization in the Early 20th Century" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Hilton Chicago and the Palmer House Hilton, Chicago, IL Online <.PDF>. 2009-05-26 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p60962_index.html |
Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript Review Method: Peer Reviewed Abstract: This paper examines linguistic and cultural hegemony and resistance during the period of globalization at the beginning of the 20th century. The premise is that such an examination can broaden our conceptualization of contemporary linguistic and cultural globalization: Were the cultural implications of the earlier period of globalization fundamentally different from or nearly the same as those of today’s globalization?
The paper first identifies the nature of cultural hegemony in the early 20th century. Ranajit Guha, one of the founders of Subaltern Studies, has argued that British colonial rule in India exemplified cultural domination rather than hegemony. The British never penetrated the Indian cultural zone of autonomy, as Partha Chatterjee has put it. Yet by the nineteen-teens, Mahatma Gandhi was clearly concerned that a preference for the English language was widespread amongst Indian nationalists.
Gandhi’s admonition against British linguistic hegemony was, however, constrained by the local language politics of North India. The renown historians, John Gallagher and Ronald Robinson, have suggested in their seminal studies of imperialism that resistance to colonial rule is patterned according to local culture and environment rather than to imperial practices. Similarly, cultural and linguistic imperialist patterns may well be determined by local politics in the metropole. By comparing resistance to differing linguistic policies and practices in the early 20th century, the paper weighs the importance of the local and global contexts of cultural hegemony and resistance. For purposes of comparison, the focus of the paper will be on the English language in British India and French linguistic hegemony during the same period of rapid economic globalization and liberalization in the early 20th century.
The paper concludes with a longitudinal comparison of this early era of globalization with linguistic globalization of today, the latter outlined in my recent book, The Local Politics of Global English: Case Studies in Linguistic Globalization (Lexington, November 2003). |
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18 |
| Word count: |
4815 |
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| Prepared for delivery at the 2004 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association September 2 - September 5 2004. Copyright by the American Political Science Association Hegemony and Resistance: Linguistic Globalization in the Early 20th Century Selma K. Sonntag Humboldt State University Economic historians have used conventional economic measurements to identify the period immediately preceding World War I as a moment of intense international activity. Mira Wilkins (1974) has shown that foreign investment one of the most prominent |
| 2003. "Mahatma Gandhi on Indian Self-Rule: An Instrumentalist an Ethno-Symbolic or a Psychological Discours of Nationalism? " in Cris E. Toffolo (ed.) Emancipating Cultural Pluralism 129-146. Albany: State University of New York Press. Steger Manfred B. 2001. Globalism: The New Market Ideology. Lanham MD: Rowman & Littlefield. Taylor Charles. 1992. The Ethics of Authenticity. Cambridge Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press. Terchek Ronald J. 1998. Gandhi: Struggling for Autonomy. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. Tomlinson John. 1999. Globalization and Culture. Chicago: Chicago |
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