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Schizophrenic Governance and Fostering Global Inequalities in the British Empire: The UK Domestic State Versus the Indian and African Colonies, 1890-1960 |
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Abstract:
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It has long been acknowledged that the British Empire played a role in fostering global inequalities. However, the extent to which the Empire was characterised by deeply contrasting administrative arrangements and developmental goals between the domestic state and the non-white colonies has not been fully explored. In this paper, I analyse institutional structures and budgetary data pertaining to the UK, India and three African colonies (Nigeria, Kenya and Tanganyika) between 1890 and 1960. The results of the analysis highlight a few major trends. First, while UK domestic politics became more inclusive over the seventy years, with new groups being granted full citizenship rights, in Britain’s non-white colonies political participation rights remained restrictive until very late in the period. This was especially the case in British Africa, where the basis of Crown rule was autocracy rather than representative government and where Africans were excluded from substantive participation in central government bodies until the 1950s. Africans were not adequately prepared for self-government and independence, which affected their country’s global position post-independence. Second, whereas in the UK government spending on welfare expanded substantially between 1890 and 1960, in Britain’s Indian and African colonies public outlays on social development were both non-growing and scant relative to other programmes of the state. Until after the Second World War, Indian and African public expenditures were concentrated in the agencies of control – that is, military, law and order, general administration, and transportation infrastructure. The British contention of having developed the colonies beyond the military and commercial requirements demanded of any imperial power appears unsupported by the budget analysis. Because the British Empire pursued schizophrenic goals – one set for the domestic arena and another for the non-white colonies – it fostered inequalities between the two sectors during the colonial era. The legacy of those policies has extended beyond the Empire itself. |
Most Common Document Word Stems:
coloni (120), govern (97), year (92), india (87), british (85), account (64), state (57), polit (55), estim (41), report (40), rule (39), uk (38), annual (37), nigeria (37), african (36), various (36), independ (35), kenya (34), africa (33), servic (33), spend (33), |
Author's Keywords:
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Schizophrenic governance
Global inequalities
British Empire
India, 1858-1947
Nigeria, 1862-1960
Kenya, 1895-1963
Tanganyika, 1920-1961
Colonial constitutions
Public expenditure analysis |
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Association:
Name: American Political Science Association URL: http://www.apsanet.org
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Citation:
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MLA Citation:
| Subrahmanyam, Gita. "Schizophrenic Governance and Fostering Global Inequalities in the British Empire: The UK Domestic State Versus the Indian and African Colonies, 1890-1960" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Hilton Chicago and the Palmer House Hilton, Chicago, IL, Sep 02, 2004 <Not Available>. 2009-05-26 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p61046_index.html> |
APA Citation:
| Subrahmanyam, G. , 2004-09-02 "Schizophrenic Governance and Fostering Global Inequalities in the British Empire: The UK Domestic State Versus the Indian and African Colonies, 1890-1960" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Hilton Chicago and the Palmer House Hilton, Chicago, IL Online <.PDF>. 2009-05-26 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p61046_index.html |
Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript Review Method: Peer Reviewed Abstract: It has long been acknowledged that the British Empire played a role in fostering global inequalities. However, the extent to which the Empire was characterised by deeply contrasting administrative arrangements and developmental goals between the domestic state and the non-white colonies has not been fully explored. In this paper, I analyse institutional structures and budgetary data pertaining to the UK, India and three African colonies (Nigeria, Kenya and Tanganyika) between 1890 and 1960. The results of the analysis highlight a few major trends. First, while UK domestic politics became more inclusive over the seventy years, with new groups being granted full citizenship rights, in Britain’s non-white colonies political participation rights remained restrictive until very late in the period. This was especially the case in British Africa, where the basis of Crown rule was autocracy rather than representative government and where Africans were excluded from substantive participation in central government bodies until the 1950s. Africans were not adequately prepared for self-government and independence, which affected their country’s global position post-independence. Second, whereas in the UK government spending on welfare expanded substantially between 1890 and 1960, in Britain’s Indian and African colonies public outlays on social development were both non-growing and scant relative to other programmes of the state. Until after the Second World War, Indian and African public expenditures were concentrated in the agencies of control – that is, military, law and order, general administration, and transportation infrastructure. The British contention of having developed the colonies beyond the military and commercial requirements demanded of any imperial power appears unsupported by the budget analysis. Because the British Empire pursued schizophrenic goals – one set for the domestic arena and another for the non-white colonies – it fostered inequalities between the two sectors during the colonial era. The legacy of those policies has extended beyond the Empire itself. |
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| Page count: |
20 |
| Word count: |
10663 |
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| Schizophrenic Governance and Fostering Global Inequalities in the British Empire: The UK Domestic State Versus the Indian and African Colonies 1890-1960* Gita Subrahmanyam Government Department London School of Economics London WC2A 2AE Tel: 020 7405 7686 g.subrahmanyam@lse.ac.uk Paper presented to the `Victory Occupation and Identity in International History' panel (International History and Politics division) at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association Hilton Chicago and Palmer House Hilton Chicago 2 September 2004 Draft Version. Please do not |
| thesis London School of Economics and Political Science) Twaddle M. (1992) Imperialism the state and the Third World (London: British Academic Press) Wheare J. (1950) The Nigerian Legislative Council (London: Faber & Faber) Wight M. (1946) The Development of the Legislative Council 1606-1945 (London: Faber & Faber) Wight M. (1952) British Colonial Constitutions 1947 (Oxford: Clarendon Press) Wolff R. D. (1974) The Economics of Colonialism: Britain and Kenya 1870-1930 (New Haven: Yale University Press) Young C. (2004) `The End |
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