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Illuminating the Gray Zone of Political Change: The Case of Peru's Fujimori Government 1990-2000
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| | Unformatted Document Text:
21
73
El Comercio, March 23, 2000: a4.
74
As Perú 2000 was a new party in Peru, it was required to supply a list of 4 percent of Peru’s total number
of registered voters (with signatures and the number of the voter’s identification card) who were adherents of the party.
75
Conaghan, The Permanent Coup, 310-313.
76
Joanna Drzewieniecki, "Peru Unofficial," No. 27 (March 13, 2000), p. 2.
77
"Recomendaciones del Centro Carter no han sido atendidas," La República, March 12, 2000.
78
"Statement by the Press Secretary," The White House, March 28, 2000, accessed at
www.whitehouse.gov/library/PressReleases.
79
Conaghan, "Making and Unmaking," pp. 13-14.
80
For a more detailed discussion of these issues, see Cynthia McClintock and Fabián Vallas, The United
States and Peru, Chapter 7.
81
"Poll Track: Voter Preference in the Second Round of the Presidential Election," Peru Election 2000
website, accessed on May 23, 2000.
82
Krauss, "International Observers Say They Fear Fujimori May Steal Peru's Election Runoff," The New
York Times, May 15, 2000, p. A8.
83
See the "Statement of the National Democratic Institute for International Affairs/Carter Center May 2000
Pre-election Delegation to Peru," May 5, 2000, at www.ndi.org.
84
Clifford Krauss, "Insurgent in Peru Calls for Election Boycott," The New York Times, May 20, 2000, p.
A5.
85
Krauss, “Insurgent in Peru,” A5; Anthony Faiola, "Fujimori's Rival Threatens to Quit Peruvian Election,"
The Washington Post, May 19, 2000, p. A23.
86
In an Apoyo poll, 59 percent of the respondents disagreed with Toledo's boycott. See "Toledo pulls out of
Peruvian run-off and courts rerpisals by urging abstention," Latin American Weekly Report, May 23, 2000, p. 229.
87
"Fujimori Stands Firm on 28 May as Election Day; Toledo Calls for Mass Protest," News Briefs: May
2000 accessed at Peru Election 2000 website, May 23, 2000.
88
"La memoria del observador" (interview with Eduardo Stein), El Comercio, June 16, 2001, p. A4.
89
"One source close to the talks"--presumably a U.S. official--quoted by Anthony Faiola, "OAS Issues New
Fraud Warning in Peru Runoff," The Washington Post, May 23, 2000, p. A23.
90
Quotation is of "a senior U.S. Embassy official," by Anthony Faiola, "Peru Refuses to Postpone Vote,"
The Washington Post, May 26, 2000, p. A25.
91
Anonymous, "Crimen Electoral," Caretas No. 1620 (May 26, 2000), pp. 11-13.
92
Conaghan, The Permanent Coup, 343.
93
There is no evidence to this effect. However, these leaders did hold several long conversations, and it
would be assumed that the intensity of reprisals would be among the topics. See Clifford Krauss, "Angry Election Monitor Leaves Peru 2 Days Before Runoff Vote," The New York Times, May 27, 2000, p. A5; Anthony Faiola, "Election Monitors Extend Deadline in Peru," The Washington Post, May 24, 2000, p. A27 and "OAS Envoy Leaves Peru, Criticizes Vote," The Washington Post, May 27, 2000, p. A18.
94
"Statement of the National Democratic Institute (NDI)/Carter Center Post-Election Delegation to Peru,"
issued in Lima on July 14, 2000, at www.ndi.org.
95
Krauss, "Angry Election Monitor," p. A5.
96
McClintock and Vallas, The United States and Peru, pp. 151-153.
97
Andrew F. Cooper and Thomas Legler, "The OAS in Peru: A Model for the Future?" Journal of
Democracy, Vol. 12, no. 4 (October 2001), p. 128.
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| | Authors: McClintock, Cynthia. |
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21
73
El Comercio, March 23, 2000: a4.
74
As Perú 2000 was a new party in Peru, it was required to supply a list of 4 percent of Peru’s total number
of registered voters (with signatures and the number of the voter’s identification card) who were adherents
of the party.
75
Conaghan, The Permanent Coup, 310-313.
76
Joanna Drzewieniecki, "Peru Unofficial," No. 27 (March 13, 2000), p. 2.
77
"Recomendaciones del Centro Carter no han sido atendidas," La República, March 12, 2000.
78
"Statement by the Press Secretary," The White House, March 28, 2000, accessed at
www.whitehouse.gov/library/PressReleases.
79
Conaghan, "Making and Unmaking," pp. 13-14.
80
For a more detailed discussion of these issues, see Cynthia McClintock and Fabián Vallas, The United
States and Peru, Chapter 7.
81
"Poll Track: Voter Preference in the Second Round of the Presidential Election," Peru Election 2000
website, accessed on May 23, 2000.
82
Krauss, "International Observers Say They Fear Fujimori May Steal Peru's Election Runoff," The New
York Times, May 15, 2000, p. A8.
83
See the "Statement of the National Democratic Institute for International Affairs/Carter Center May 2000
Pre-election Delegation to Peru," May 5, 2000, at www.ndi.org.
84
Clifford Krauss, "Insurgent in Peru Calls for Election Boycott," The New York Times, May 20, 2000, p.
A5.
85
Krauss, “Insurgent in Peru,” A5; Anthony Faiola, "Fujimori's Rival Threatens to Quit Peruvian Election,"
The Washington Post, May 19, 2000, p. A23.
86
In an Apoyo poll, 59 percent of the respondents disagreed with Toledo's boycott. See "Toledo pulls out of
Peruvian run-off and courts rerpisals by urging abstention," Latin American Weekly Report, May 23, 2000,
p. 229.
87
"Fujimori Stands Firm on 28 May as Election Day; Toledo Calls for Mass Protest," News Briefs: May
2000 accessed at Peru Election 2000 website, May 23, 2000.
88
"La memoria del observador" (interview with Eduardo Stein), El Comercio, June 16, 2001, p. A4.
89
"One source close to the talks"--presumably a U.S. official--quoted by Anthony Faiola, "OAS Issues New
Fraud Warning in Peru Runoff," The Washington Post, May 23, 2000, p. A23.
90
Quotation is of "a senior U.S. Embassy official," by Anthony Faiola, "Peru Refuses to Postpone Vote,"
The Washington Post, May 26, 2000, p. A25.
91
Anonymous, "Crimen Electoral," Caretas No. 1620 (May 26, 2000), pp. 11-13.
92
Conaghan, The Permanent Coup, 343.
93
There is no evidence to this effect. However, these leaders did hold several long conversations, and it
would be assumed that the intensity of reprisals would be among the topics. See Clifford Krauss, "Angry
Election Monitor Leaves Peru 2 Days Before Runoff Vote," The New York Times, May 27, 2000, p. A5;
Anthony Faiola, "Election Monitors Extend Deadline in Peru," The Washington Post, May 24, 2000, p.
A27 and "OAS Envoy Leaves Peru, Criticizes Vote," The Washington Post, May 27, 2000, p. A18.
94
"Statement of the National Democratic Institute (NDI)/Carter Center Post-Election Delegation to Peru,"
issued in Lima on July 14, 2000, at www.ndi.org.
95
Krauss, "Angry Election Monitor," p. A5.
96
McClintock and Vallas, The United States and Peru, pp. 151-153.
97
Andrew F. Cooper and Thomas Legler, "The OAS in Peru: A Model for the Future?" Journal of
Democracy, Vol. 12, no. 4 (October 2001), p. 128.
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