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E
LECTORAL
E
NGINEERING
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HAPTER
1 ~ N
ORRIS
8/9/2003
5:09
PM
29
Table 1.3: Political indicators
Type of electoral
system
N. Nations
Level of democratization
1999-2000
Mean level of
democratization 1972-2000
Majoritarian 5 5.9
5.0
Combined 11 5.7
3.5
Proportional 16 6.4
4.5
Total 32
6.1 4.2
Levels of democratization: The 32 nations included in the CSES dataset are classified based on
the annual ratings provided by Freedom House from 1972 to 2000. Countries are classified
according to the most recent (1999-2000) ratings, and also the combined mean score for
political rights and civil liberties in Freedom House’s annual surveys from 1972-2000. The 7-
point Gastil Index is reversed for ease of interpretation so that it ranges from low levels of civil
liberties and political rights (coded 1) to high levels of civil liberties and political rights (coded
7). For details see Freedom of the World.
www.freedomhouse.org
Nations: The countries are classified by the electoral system used for the lower house of
parliament. For the classification of electoral systems see Chapter 2. For the list of nations see
Table 1.1.
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