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39
Ronald Inglehart and Pippa Norris. 2003. Rising Tide: Gender Equality and Cultural Change
Worldwide.
37
For an extended argument along these lines, see Russell Dalton. 2002. Citizen Politics. 3
rd
Edition. New York: Chatham House.
38
Shaun Bowler and Bernard Grofman. Eds. 2000. Elections in Australia, Ireland and Malta
under the Single Transferable Vote: Reflections on an Embedded Institution. Ann Arbor: University
of Michigan Press.
39
For social psychological accounts of leadership see, for example, Alexander L. George. 1998.
Presidential Personality and Performance. Boulder, CO: Westview Press; James David Barber.
1992. The Presidential Character. Englewood Cliffs, NJ; Stanley Renshon. 1996. The
Psychological Assessment of Presidential Candidates. New York: New York University Press;
Donald Searing. 1994. Westminster’s World: Understanding Political Roles. Cambridge, MA:
Harvard University Press.
40
Angus Campbell, Philip Converse, Warren E. Miller and Donald E. Stokes. 1960. The
American Voter. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. For recent work in the tradition of the
Michigan school see Warren Miller and J. Merrill Shanks. 1996. The New American Voter.
Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
41
Carol Christy. 1987. Sex Differences in Political Participation: Processes of Change in Fourteen
Nations. New York: Praeger.
42
Douglas C. North. 1990. Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; S. Whitefield. 2002. ‘Political cleavages and post-
communist politics.’ Annual Review of Political Science. 5: 181-200.
43
K. Weyland. 2002. ‘Limitations of rational-choice institutionalism for the study of Latin
American politics.’ Studies in Comparative International Development 37 (1): 57-85; See also V.
Bunce. 2000. ‘ Comparative democratization - Big and bounded generalizations.’ Comparative
Political Studies. 33 (6-7): 703-734.
44
Maurice Duverger. [Orig.1954] 1964. Political Parties London: Methuen; Douglas Rae.
1967. The Political Consequences of Electoral Laws. [1971 Rev. Ed.] New Haven: Yale University
Press.
45
See, for example, Enid Lakeman. 1974. How Democracies Vote. London: Faber and Faber;
Dieter Nohlen. 1996. Elections and Electoral Systems. Delhi: Macmillan; Vernon Bogdanor and
David Butler, Eds. 1983. Democracy and Elections. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press;
Bernard Grofman and Arend Lijphart, Eds. 1986. Electoral Laws and their Political
Consequences. New York: Agathon Press; Rein Taagepera and Matthew S. Shugart. 1989. Seats
and Votes: The Effects and Determinants of Electoral Systems. New Haven: Yale University Press;
Dieter Nohlen. 1996. Elections and Electoral Systems. Delhi: Macmillan; Andrew Reeve and
Alan Ware. 1992. Electoral Systems: A Comparative and Theoretical Introduction. London and
New York: Routledge; Pippa Norris. 1997. ‘Choosing Electoral Systems.’ International Political
Science Review 18(3): 297-312. David Farrell. 1997. Comparing Electoral Systems. London:
Prentice Hall/Harvester Wheatsheaf; Gary Cox. 1997. Making Votes Count. New York and
London: Cambridge University Press; Richard Katz. 1997. Democracy and Elections. Oxford:
Convention