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Candidate Attacks and Voter Aversion: The Uncertain Link Between Negativity and Campaign Satisfaction
Unformatted Document Text:  29 Bibliography Ansolabehere, Stephen, and Shanto Iyengar. 1995. Going Negative: How Political Advertisements Shrink and Polarize the Electorate. New York: Free Press. Bartels, Larry M. 2002. “Beyond the Running Tally: Partisan Bias in Political Perceptions.” Political Behavior 24 (20: 117-149. Devlin, L. Patrick. 1997. “Contrasts in Presidential Campaign Commercials of 1996.” American Behavioral Scientist 40: 1058-1084. Fan, David P. 1988. Predictions of Public Opinion from the Mass Media: Computer Content Analysis and Mathematical Modeling. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Fishkin, James A. 1991. Democracy and Deliberation: New Directions for Democratic Reform. New Haven: Yale University Press. Freedman, Paul, and Ken Goldstein. 1999. “Measuring Media Exposure and the Effects of Negative Campaign Ads.” American Journal of Political Science 43: 1189-1208. Goldstein, Ken, and Paul Freedman. 2000. “New Evidence for New Arguments: Money and Advertising in the 1996 Senate Elections.” Journal of Politics 62: 1087-1108. ––––––. 2002a. “Campaign Advertising and Voter Turnout: New Evidence for a Stimulation Effect.” Journal of Politics 64 (3): 721-740. ––––––. 2002b. “Lesson Learned: Campaign Advertising in the 2000 Elections.” Political Communication 19 (1): 5-28. Jamieson, Kathleen Hall, Paul Waldman, and Susan Sherr. 2000. “Eliminate the Negative? Categories of Analysis for Political Advertisements.” In James A. Thurber, Candice J. Nelson and David A. Dulio (eds.), Crowded Airwaves: Political Advertising in Elections. Washington DC: Brookings. Johnston, Richard, and Henry E. Brady. 2002. “The Rolling Cross-Section Design.” Electoral Studies 21: 283- 295. Johnston, Richard, André Blais, Henry E. Brady, and Jean Crête. 1992. Letting the People Decide: Dynamics of a Canadian Election. Stanford: Stanford University Press. Lau, Richard R. 1985. “Two Explanations for Negativity Effects in Political Behavior.” American Journal of Political Science 29 (1): 119-38. Lau, Richard R., Lee Sigelman, Caroline Heldman, and Paul Babbitt. 1999. “The Effectiveness of Negative Political Advertising: A Meta-Analysis.” American Political Science Review 93: 851-875. Prior, Markus. 2001. “Weighted Content Analysis of Political Advertisements.” Political Communication 18: 335-345. Zaller, John R. 1992. The Nature and Origins of Mass Opinion. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Authors: Sides, John., Trost, Christine. and Lipsitz, Keena.
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29
Bibliography
Ansolabehere, Stephen, and Shanto Iyengar. 1995. Going Negative: How Political Advertisements Shrink and
Polarize the Electorate. New York: Free Press.
Bartels, Larry M. 2002. “Beyond the Running Tally: Partisan Bias in Political Perceptions.” Political Behavior
24 (20: 117-149.
Devlin, L. Patrick. 1997. “Contrasts in Presidential Campaign Commercials of 1996.” American Behavioral
Scientist 40: 1058-1084.
Fan, David P. 1988. Predictions of Public Opinion from the Mass Media: Computer Content Analysis and Mathematical
Modeling. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
Fishkin, James A. 1991. Democracy and Deliberation: New Directions for Democratic Reform. New Haven: Yale
University Press.
Freedman, Paul, and Ken Goldstein. 1999. “Measuring Media Exposure and the Effects of Negative
Campaign Ads.” American Journal of Political Science 43: 1189-1208.
Goldstein, Ken, and Paul Freedman. 2000. “New Evidence for New Arguments: Money and Advertising in
the 1996 Senate Elections.” Journal of Politics 62: 1087-1108.
––––––. 2002a. “Campaign Advertising and Voter Turnout: New Evidence for a Stimulation Effect.”
Journal of Politics 64 (3): 721-740.
––––––. 2002b. “Lesson Learned: Campaign Advertising in the 2000 Elections.” Political Communication 19
(1): 5-28.
Jamieson, Kathleen Hall, Paul Waldman, and Susan Sherr. 2000. “Eliminate the Negative? Categories of
Analysis for Political Advertisements.” In James A. Thurber, Candice J. Nelson and David A. Dulio
(eds.), Crowded Airwaves: Political Advertising in Elections. Washington DC: Brookings.
Johnston, Richard, and Henry E. Brady. 2002. “The Rolling Cross-Section Design.” Electoral Studies 21: 283-
295.
Johnston, Richard, André Blais, Henry E. Brady, and Jean Crête. 1992. Letting the People Decide: Dynamics of a
Canadian Election. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Lau, Richard R. 1985. “Two Explanations for Negativity Effects in Political Behavior.” American Journal of
Political Science 29 (1): 119-38.
Lau, Richard R., Lee Sigelman, Caroline Heldman, and Paul Babbitt. 1999. “The Effectiveness of Negative
Political Advertising: A Meta-Analysis.” American Political Science Review 93: 851-875.
Prior, Markus. 2001. “Weighted Content Analysis of Political Advertisements.” Political Communication 18:
335-345.
Zaller, John R. 1992. The Nature and Origins of Mass Opinion. New York: Cambridge University Press.


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