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DIFFUSING HUMAN RIGHTS: The Nexus of Domestic and International Influences
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Diffusing Human Rights
Reilly, August 2003
19
constant
2.147
.044
48.57
.000
Number of Observations = 2656, Number of States = 166R
2
= .597
Although this result is suggestive of the fact that
geography matters for human rights and repression, it does not reveal whether this relationship is consistent over time. If the importance of geographic context were declining, this could indicate that international norms of human rights protections were becoming a more salient consideration for states. In order to evaluate this, I re-run the above model for each individual year and note the b-scores for the G
i
* variable. I also
calculate the Z-score for the difference between results in year
t
and year
t-1
.
xv
This allows me to identify whether the effect of
spatial context, while controlling for the above variables, is increasing or decreasing in a statistically meaningful way. These results are represented graphically in Figures Two and Three.
FIGURE TWO:
Coefficients for Effect of Spatial Clustering on Human Rights
Performance, 1976-1996
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Y
EA
R
19
77
19
79
19
81
19
83
19
85
19
87
19
89
19
91
19
93
19
95
b-scores
With the exception of the years 1991 and 1992, the b-scores change very little. In fact, the differences from year to year between 1990-1993 generate the only statistically significant Z-scores. This indicates that, with a few exceptions, there is no meaningful difference in the importance of localized spatial clustering for human rights behavior from one year to the next. This result does not support the proposition that spatial context is decreasing in importance.
FIGURE THREE:
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Diffusing Human Rights
Reilly, August 2003
19
constant
2.147
.044
48.57
.000
Number of Observations = 2656, Number of States = 166
R
2
= .597
Although this result is suggestive of the fact that
geography matters for human rights and repression, it does not
reveal whether this relationship is consistent over time. If
the importance of geographic context were declining, this could
indicate that international norms of human rights protections
were becoming a more salient consideration for states. In order
to evaluate this, I re-run the above model for each individual
year and note the b-scores for the G
i
* variable. I also
calculate the Z-score for the difference between results in year
t
and year
t-1
.
xv
This allows me to identify whether the effect of
spatial context, while controlling for the above variables, is
increasing or decreasing in a statistically meaningful way.
These results are represented graphically in Figures Two and
Three.
FIGURE TWO:
Coefficients for Effect of Spatial Clustering on Human Rights
Performance, 1976-1996
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Y
EA
R
19
77
19
79
19
81
19
83
19
85
19
87
19
89
19
91
19
93
19
95
b-scores
With the exception of the years 1991 and 1992, the b-scores
change very little. In fact, the differences from year to year
between 1990-1993 generate the only statistically significant Z-
scores. This indicates that, with a few exceptions, there is no
meaningful difference in the importance of localized spatial
clustering for human rights behavior from one year to the next.
This result does not support the proposition that spatial
context is decreasing in importance.
FIGURE THREE:
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