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Radicalism or Reformism? Evaluating Contending Theories Against a Longitunal and Cross-sectional Data Set
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Economic system: The party believes change is necessary but places no emphasis on a radical change to the capitalist system (Fitzmaurice 1996, 181).
Methods: In general, the Belgian Workers’ Party focused on parliamentary methods. However, the Charte remained in force (but had been superceded by pragmatic demands), and the party sponsored a general strike for political and economic reforms in 1913. The focus of the party in this strike was on political change. The Workers’ Party had believed that general suffrage and proportional representation would bring a leftist government. However, when that failed to occur, riots resulted (1912), and there is a return to the use of the general strike to achieve goals.
Factions: Weak.
Canada - 1900
Political system: Early Independent Labour Parties in Canada “saw the main problem for workers in the restriction on liberty and equality in Canadian political life. Their solutions involved democratizing the state to the fullest (extending the franchise…, removing property qualifications, abolishing the Senate, and so on) and thereby allowing workers to share political power with other social groups, including capital” (Heron 1989, 48).
Economic system: As early as 1898, Labour ideology was codified (at the 1898 Trades and Labour Congress). At this conference, Canadian ILPs produced demands for a myriad of basic economic reforms, like a minimum wage, an eight hour day, and so on (see Palmer 1983, 158). However, none of these demands is an essential reform of the basic capitalist economic system.
Methods: Economic strikes were widely used (Palmer 1983, 149-150). The party did not use violent methods, the general strike, or the political strike.
Factions: Weak. A small stream of Socialism did exist, however, it won few supporters and fewer elections. In fact, it did even worse than the Socialist Party of the United States, winning only 3,500 votes in 1903 across the country (Palmer 1983, 161).
Canada - 1914
Political system: No essential change can be detected between the CLP of 1900 and that of 1914 in terms of the ideology toward the political system.
Economic system: No essential change can be detected between the CLP of 1900 and that of 1914 in terms of the ideology toward the economic system.
Methods: Not revolutionary. Reformist and parliamentary in every sense (Palmer 1983, 159-61).
Factions: Weak.
Denmark – 1900
Political System: The Social Democratic Party believed that the way to a socialist system was through “democratic-reformism” (Christiansen 1978, 304). The leadership saw garnering political
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| | Authors: Marks, Gary., Kim, Hyung. and Mbaye, Heather. |
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28
Economic system: The party believes change is necessary but places no emphasis on a radical
change to the capitalist system (Fitzmaurice 1996, 181).
Methods: In general, the Belgian Workers’ Party focused on parliamentary methods. However,
the Charte remained in force (but had been superceded by pragmatic demands), and the party
sponsored a general strike for political and economic reforms in 1913. The focus of the party in
this strike was on political change. The Workers’ Party had believed that general suffrage and
proportional representation would bring a leftist government. However, when that failed to
occur, riots resulted (1912), and there is a return to the use of the general strike to achieve goals.
Factions: Weak.
Canada - 1900
Political system: Early Independent Labour Parties in Canada “saw the main problem for
workers in the restriction on liberty and equality in Canadian political life. Their solutions
involved democratizing the state to the fullest (extending the franchise…, removing property
qualifications, abolishing the Senate, and so on) and thereby allowing workers to share political
power with other social groups, including capital” (Heron 1989, 48).
Economic system: As early as 1898, Labour ideology was codified (at the 1898 Trades and Labour
Congress). At this conference, Canadian ILPs produced demands for a myriad of basic economic
reforms, like a minimum wage, an eight hour day, and so on (see Palmer 1983, 158). However,
none of these demands is an essential reform of the basic capitalist economic system.
Methods: Economic strikes were widely used (Palmer 1983, 149-150). The party did not use
violent methods, the general strike, or the political strike.
Factions: Weak. A small stream of Socialism did exist, however, it won few supporters and fewer
elections. In fact, it did even worse than the Socialist Party of the United States, winning only
3,500 votes in 1903 across the country (Palmer 1983, 161).
Canada - 1914
Political system: No essential change can be detected between the CLP of 1900 and that of 1914 in
terms of the ideology toward the political system.
Economic system: No essential change can be detected between the CLP of 1900 and that of 1914
in terms of the ideology toward the economic system.
Methods: Not revolutionary. Reformist and parliamentary in every sense (Palmer 1983, 159-61).
Factions: Weak.
Denmark – 1900
Political System: The Social Democratic Party believed that the way to a socialist system was
through “democratic-reformism” (Christiansen 1978, 304). The leadership saw garnering political
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