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Pacted Transitions and Democratic Consolidation: Post-Franco Spain in Comparative Perspective
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19
NOTES
1
On the concept of democratic consolidation see Omar G. Encarnación, “Beyond Transitions:
The Politics of Democratic Consolidation,” Comparative Politics 32, No. 4 (July 2000).
2
On the travails of democratic consolidation in new democracies see Larry Diamond,
Developing Democracy: Toward Consolidation (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999).
3
Terry L. Karl, "Dilemmas of Democratization in Latin America," Comparative Politics
23 (October 1990), p. 8.
4
Guillermo O’Donnell, “Transitions to Democracy: Some Navigation Instruments,” in
Robert Pastor, ed., Democracy in the Americas (New York: Holmes and Meier 1989), p. 63.
5
Terry L. Karl, "Petroleum and Political Pacts," Latin American Research Review 22 (1),
1987, p. 88.
6
Adam Przeworski, Democracy and the Market (New York: Cambridge University Press,
1991), p. 8.
7
Guillermo O'Donnell and Philippe Schmitter, Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain
Democracies (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986).
8
Ibid., p. 39.
9
Ibid., p. 36.
10
See, especially, Richard Gunther and John Higley, eds., Elites and Democratic
Consolidation in Latin America and Southern Europe (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992), Giuseppe DiPalma, To Craft Democracy: An Essay on Democratic Transitions (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1990) and Juan Linz and Alfred Stepan, Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996).
11
Frances Hagopian, Traditional Politics and Regime Change in Brazil (New York:
Cambridge University Press, 1996), pp. 22-23.
12
O'Donnell and Schmitter, Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions
about Uncertain Democracies, p. 38.
13
Frances Hagopian, “Democracy by Undemocratic Means”? Elites, Political Pacts and
Regime Transition in Brazil,” Comparative Political Studies, 23, (July 1990), p. 151.
14
Hagopian, Traditional Politics and Regime Change in Brazil, p. 22.
15
Karl, “Dilemmas of Democratization in Latin America,” p. 15.
16
Terry L. Karl, "Petroleum and Political Pacts: The Transition to Democracy in
Venezuela," in Guillermo O'Donnell, Philippe Schmitter and Laurence Whitehead, eds., Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Latin America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986), p. 198.
17
O'Donnell and Schmitter, Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions
about Uncertain Democracies, p. 38.
18
Przeworski, Democracy and the Market, p. 90.
19
Ibid.
20
See, especially, Jonathan Hartlyn, The Politics of Coalition Rule in Colombia
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988).
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| | Authors: Encarnacion, Omar. |
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19
NOTES
1
On the concept of democratic consolidation see Omar G. Encarnación, “Beyond Transitions:
The Politics of Democratic Consolidation,” Comparative Politics 32, No. 4 (July 2000).
2
On the travails of democratic consolidation in new democracies see Larry Diamond,
Developing Democracy: Toward Consolidation (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University
Press, 1999).
3
Terry L. Karl, "Dilemmas of Democratization in Latin America," Comparative Politics
23 (October 1990), p. 8.
4
Guillermo O’Donnell, “Transitions to Democracy: Some Navigation Instruments,” in
Robert Pastor, ed., Democracy in the Americas (New York: Holmes and Meier 1989), p.
63.
5
Terry L. Karl, "Petroleum and Political Pacts," Latin American Research Review 22 (1),
1987, p. 88.
6
Adam Przeworski, Democracy and the Market (New York: Cambridge University Press,
1991), p. 8.
7
Guillermo O'Donnell and Philippe Schmitter, Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain
Democracies (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986).
8
Ibid., p. 39.
9
Ibid., p. 36.
10
See, especially, Richard Gunther and John Higley, eds., Elites and Democratic
Consolidation in Latin America and Southern Europe (New York: Cambridge University
Press, 1992), Giuseppe DiPalma, To Craft Democracy: An Essay on Democratic
Transitions (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1990) and Juan Linz and
Alfred Stepan, Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation (Baltimore: Johns
Hopkins University Press, 1996).
11
Frances Hagopian, Traditional Politics and Regime Change in Brazil (New York:
Cambridge University Press, 1996), pp. 22-23.
12
O'Donnell and Schmitter, Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions
about Uncertain Democracies, p. 38.
13
Frances Hagopian, “Democracy by Undemocratic Means”? Elites, Political Pacts and
Regime Transition in Brazil,” Comparative Political Studies, 23, (July 1990), p. 151.
14
Hagopian, Traditional Politics and Regime Change in Brazil, p. 22.
15
Karl, “Dilemmas of Democratization in Latin America,” p. 15.
16
Terry L. Karl, "Petroleum and Political Pacts: The Transition to Democracy in
Venezuela," in Guillermo O'Donnell, Philippe Schmitter and Laurence Whitehead, eds.,
Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Latin America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins
University Press, 1986), p. 198.
17
O'Donnell and Schmitter, Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions
about Uncertain Democracies, p. 38.
18
Przeworski, Democracy and the Market, p. 90.
19
Ibid.
20
See, especially, Jonathan Hartlyn, The Politics of Coalition Rule in Colombia
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988).
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