22
58
Linz and Stepan, Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation, p. 96.
59
Ibid. p. 97. The quote comes from a collection of speeches given by Suárez between
1976-1978. See Un nuevo horizonte para España (Madrid: Imprenta del Boletín Official
del Estado, 1978).
60
See Paloma Aguilar, Memoria y olvido de la guerra civil española (Madrid: Alianza,
1996).
61
Michael Richards, "Pact of Oblivion? Violence, Memory and Democracy in Spain,"
Southern European Society and Politics, 2 (Winter 1997), p. 146.
62
José M. Maravall and Julián Santamaría, "Crisis del franquismo: transición política y
consolidación de la democracia en España," Sistema (November 1985), p. 105.
63
Author's interview with Mr. Fuentes Quintana (Madrid: February 28, 1994).
64
See "Programa de saneamiento y reforma económica," In Los Pactos de la Moncloa
(Madrid: Servicio Central de Publicaciones de la Secretaría General Técnica de la
Presidencia del Gobierno, 1977).
65
Enrique Fuentes Quintana, "Economía y política en la transición democrática española:
fundamentos y enseñanzas de una experiencia," Pensamiento Iberoamericano, No. 1
(1980), p. 155.
66
Author's interview with Mr. Fuentes Quintana (Madrid: February 28, 1994).
67
For an overview of the role of the PCE in promoting clandestine groups before the
transition see Guy Hermet, Los comunistas en España (Paris: Ruedo Ibérico, 1972).
68
On the PCE in the transition to democracy see Eusebio Mujal-León, Communism and
Political Change in Spain (Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press, 1983).
69
Richard Gunther, "The Parties in Opposition," in Stanley Payne, ed., The Politics of
Democratic Spain (Chicago Council on Foreign Relations, 1986), p, 92.
70
Patricia Hipsher, "Democratization and the Decline of Urban Social Movements in
Chile and Spain," Comparative Politics 27 (April 1996), p. 288.
71
David Gilmore, The Transformation of Spain (London: Quarter Books, 1985), p. 93.
72
Ruth Berins Collier, Paths toward Democracy: The Working Class and Elites in
Western Europe and South America (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999), p.
127.
73
Manuel Contreras, El PSOE en la II República: Organización e ideologia (Madrid:
Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas, 1981).
74
José M. Maravall, "The Socialist Alternative: The Policies and Electorate of the PSOE,"
in Penniman and Mujal-León, eds., Spain at the Polls, p. 147.
75
El País (May 21 1976).
76
Karl, “Petroleum and Political Pacts: The Transition to Democracy in Venezuela."
77
Maria Do Campo Campello De Souza, "The Brazilian "New Republic;" Under the
"Sword of Damocles," in Alfred Stepan. ed., Democratizing Brazil: Problems of
Transition and Consolidation (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989), p. 355.
78
Guillermo O'Donnell, "Introduction to the Latin American Cases," in Transitions from
Authoritarian Rule: Latin America, p. 13.
Convention