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WTO Dispute Settlement Design and Developing Countries
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| | Unformatted Document Text:
Table 4. Models of WTO Dispute Escalation and Outcomes, 1995-2000
Model 3
Model 4
WTO Sample
All Cases
Cases with Rulings for
Complainant
Dependent Variable
Early Settlement
Compliance
Model Probit
Ordered
Probit
Coefficient Robust SE Coefficient Robust SE
Intercept
1
2.611 1.819 1.237 8.119
Intercept 2
―
― 1.862
8.111
Complainant’s Per
Capita Income
0.274*
0.140
0.182
0.237
Defendant’s Per
Capita Income
0.090 0.119 0.121 0.229
Complainant’s
GDP
-0.095 0.067 0.063 0.184
Defendant’s
GDP -0.126 0.078 -0.061 0.226
Agricultural Case
0.390
0.268
-0.714*
0.336
Multilateral Case
-0.279
0.259
―
10
―
Discriminatory
Measure
-0.016 0.256 0.056 0.537
“Sensitive”
Case -0.824 0.530 -0.534 0.523
Number of Obser-vations
154 41
Model
2
χ
16.03
*
, 8 d.o.f.
21.50**, 7 d.o.f.
Pseudo-
2
R
0.09 0.12
Percent Correctly Predicted
69.5 73.2
*
denotes one-tailed
;
05
.
0
<
p
**
, 01
.
0
<
p
. Per capita income and GDP figures in logs.
Robust standard errors clustered across dyads.
10
All but three of this subsample of 41 cases meet our definition of “multilateral.” Because it varies so lit-
tle, we accordingly exclude Multilateral Case from this column’s regression.
28
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Table 4. Models of WTO Dispute Escalation and Outcomes, 1995-2000
Model 3
Model 4
WTO Sample
All Cases
Cases with Rulings for
Complainant
Dependent Variable
Early Settlement
Compliance
Model Probit
Ordered
Probit
Coefficient Robust SE Coefficient Robust SE
Intercept
1
2.611 1.819 1.237 8.119
Intercept 2
―
― 1.862
8.111
Complainant’s Per
Capita Income
0.274*
0.140
0.182
0.237
Defendant’s Per
Capita Income
0.090 0.119 0.121 0.229
Complainant’s
GDP
-0.095 0.067 0.063 0.184
Defendant’s
GDP -0.126 0.078 -0.061 0.226
Agricultural Case
0.390
0.268
-0.714*
0.336
Multilateral Case
-0.279
0.259
―
―
Discriminatory
Measure
-0.016 0.256 0.056 0.537
“Sensitive”
Case -0.824 0.530 -0.534 0.523
Number of Obser-
vations
154 41
Model
2
χ
16.03
*
, 8 d.o.f.
21.50**, 7 d.o.f.
Pseudo-
2
R
0.09 0.12
Percent Correctly
Predicted
69.5 73.2
*
denotes one-tailed
;
05
.
0
<
p
**
, 01
.
0
<
p
. Per capita income and GDP figures in logs.
Robust standard errors clustered across dyads.
10
All but three of this subsample of 41 cases meet our definition of “multilateral.” Because it varies so lit-
tle, we accordingly exclude Multilateral Case from this column’s regression.
28
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