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Balancing and Balancing Failure in Biblical Times

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Abstract:

Balance of power theory purports to be universal but it is a product of—and has mainly been tested against—the modern European experience. The advent of unipolarity and the absence of great-power balancing since 1991 raise the question of whether balancing orders are contingent on factors unspecified in the theory that were present in the European international system and its 20th century global successor but absent today, and perhaps from other historical inter-state systems. This paper is part of a collaborative effort to address this question by expanding the empirical domain in which balance of power theory can be tested. We evaluate the theory's central proposition—that major states in any system balance potential hegemons—in the case of the rise of Assyria in Biblical times. Brute outcomes are inconsistent with the theory: balancing failed to prevent Assyria from creating an empire that dominated a unipolar system and marginalized balancing dynamics for over a century. Moreover, key causes of the emergence, suppression, and then reemergence of a balancing order in the Iron Age system lie outside current renderings of the theory. Balancing tendencies were observable in Biblical times, but they were much weaker and less consequential than standard treatments of balance of power theory would lead us to expect.

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balanc (179), assyrian (144), power (129), assyria (105), theori (89), state (89), system (84), urartu (58), empir (55), coalit (51), hegemoni (41), intern (41), new (38), elam (36), campaign (36), babylonian (35), babylonia (35), shalmanes (34), king (33), piles (31), tiglath (31),

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Balance of Power, International Systems, Assyria
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Kaufman, Stuart. and Wohlforth, William. "Balancing and Balancing Failure in Biblical Times" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Philadelphia Marriott Hotel, Philadelphia, PA, Aug 27, 2003 <Not Available>. 2009-05-26 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p64467_index.html>

APA Citation:

Kaufman, S. J. and Wohlforth, W. , 2003-08-27 "Balancing and Balancing Failure in Biblical Times" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Philadelphia Marriott Hotel, Philadelphia, PA Online <.PDF>. 2009-05-26 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p64467_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Balance of power theory purports to be universal but it is a product of—and has mainly been tested against—the modern European experience. The advent of unipolarity and the absence of great-power balancing since 1991 raise the question of whether balancing orders are contingent on factors unspecified in the theory that were present in the European international system and its 20th century global successor but absent today, and perhaps from other historical inter-state systems. This paper is part of a collaborative effort to address this question by expanding the empirical domain in which balance of power theory can be tested. We evaluate the theory's central proposition—that major states in any system balance potential hegemons—in the case of the rise of Assyria in Biblical times. Brute outcomes are inconsistent with the theory: balancing failed to prevent Assyria from creating an empire that dominated a unipolar system and marginalized balancing dynamics for over a century. Moreover, key causes of the emergence, suppression, and then reemergence of a balancing order in the Iron Age system lie outside current renderings of the theory. Balancing tendencies were observable in Biblical times, but they were much weaker and less consequential than standard treatments of balance of power theory would lead us to expect.

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Associated Document Available American Political Science Association
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Document Type: .pdf
Page count: 31
Word count: 13254
Text sample:
KING AHAB VS. ASSYRIA: BALANCING AND BALANCING FAILURE IN BIBLICAL TIMES STUART J. KAUFMAN AND WILLIAM C. WOHLFORTH Prepared for Presentation at Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association Philadelphia PA August 27-31 2003 Note: The authors are grateful to Professors Mario Liverani and J. A. Brinkman for thoughtful comments and bibliographical advice. This is an early draft; comments are welcome but please do not cite without permission of the authors. Abstract: Balance of power theory purports to
21:1-36. Wohlforth WIlliam C. 2003 a. “Measuring Power–and the Power of Theories.” in Realism and the Balancing of Power: A New Debate edited by John A. Vasquez and Colin Elman. Saddle River NJ: Prentice-Hall. Wohlforth William C. 2003 b. “Revisiting Balance of Power Theory in Central Eurasia. ISA Portland Yadin Yigael. 1963. The Art of Warfare in Biblical Lands in Light of Archeological Study. New York: McGraw Hill. 30 Zimansky Paul E. 1985. Ecology and Empire: The Structure of


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