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DIVIDED BY GENDER: CONGRESSIONAL ELECTIONS AND PRESENTATION OF SELF ON THE INTERNET
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BSTRACT
A number of studies have shown that there are significant differences between men and women with regards to how they legislate and how they campaign. These differences, coupled with recent dramatic increases in the number of women serving in Congress and the state legislatures,have helped to transform the policymaking process and, consequently, actual policy outcomes. Little attention has been directed, however, toward the question of whether women and men make different kinds of representatives. In particular, we know little about how gender influences the ways in which members of Congress present themselves to the public. In an analysis of the images and the main text on the home pages of 542 candidates who ran for Congress in 2002, we find that that gender does make a difference with regard to presentation of self. Women dress more formally than men, appear more often in indoor settings, are more likely to be engaged with constituents, and are less likely to be seen with family members. In addition, women were more informal than men when it came to the tone of their welcome messages, more likely to emphasize personal connections with the voters, and less likely to emphasize their past political experience and leadership skills.
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| | Authors: Gulati, Girish. and Treul, Sarah. |
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ii
A
BSTRACT
A number of studies have shown that there are significant differences between men and women
with regards to how they legislate and how they campaign. These differences, coupled with
recent dramatic increases in the number of women serving in Congress and the state legislatures,
have helped to transform the policymaking process and, consequently, actual policy outcomes.
Little attention has been directed, however, toward the question of whether women and men
make different kinds of representatives. In particular, we know little about how gender
influences the ways in which members of Congress present themselves to the public. In an
analysis of the images and the main text on the home pages of 542 candidates who ran for
Congress in 2002, we find that that gender does make a difference with regard to presentation of
self. Women dress more formally than men, appear more often in indoor settings, are more likely
to be engaged with constituents, and are less likely to be seen with family members. In addition,
women were more informal than men when it came to the tone of their welcome messages, more
likely to emphasize personal connections with the voters, and less likely to emphasize their past
political experience and leadership skills.
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