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Killing Me Softly: George W. Bush, The Environment, And The Administrative Presidency
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ABSTRACT
Studies of the president as policy-maker have paid comparatively greater attention to presidential performance in the legislative arena or ability to marshal public opinion, though in each area the president faces significant constraints in controlling outcomes. Noting that other presidential scholars have emphasized the power of presidents to make power unilaterally through the use of certain administrative powers at their disposal, we offer a simple typology for differentiating presidential policy-making actions. These actions can be distinguished from one another by their relative level of presidential autonomy over the outcome of the action and by their relative degree of likely visibility to the mass public. We discuss our approach to examining how presidents use these different types of policy actions in combination, and illustrate the importance of lower visibility-higher autonomy actions by highlighting some aspects of the Bush administration’s changes in the area of environmental policy.
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ABSTRACT
Studies of the president as policy-maker have paid comparatively greater attention to presidential
performance in the legislative arena or ability to marshal public opinion, though in each area the
president faces significant constraints in controlling outcomes. Noting that other presidential
scholars have emphasized the power of presidents to make power unilaterally through the use of
certain administrative powers at their disposal, we offer a simple typology for differentiating
presidential policy-making actions. These actions can be distinguished from one another by their
relative level of presidential autonomy over the outcome of the action and by their relative
degree of likely visibility to the mass public. We discuss our approach to examining how
presidents use these different types of policy actions in combination, and illustrate the
importance of lower visibility-higher autonomy actions by highlighting some aspects of the Bush
administration’s changes in the area of environmental policy.
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