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Managing Upward, Downward, and Outward: Networks, Hierarchical Relationships and Performance
Unformatted Document Text:  40 Table 4. Exploring the Impact of Managing Upward on Organizational Performance ________________________________________________________________________ Dependent Variable = Student Exam Pass Rates Independent Variables Slope t Managerial Networking 1.2800 7.80* Principal-Agent Relationships School Boards -1.4588 6.20* Board Contacts X Board Support .1218 3.40* School Principals -.2185 0.72 Other Management Variables Quality .7927 4.84* Stability .0714 4.31* Employee Stability .1421 5.76* Control Variables Teacher’s Salaries (000s) .2346 2.10* Class Size -.3941 5.79* Teacher Experience .1608 1.60 Non Certified Teachers -.1479 4.23* Percent State Aid -.0219 2.66* Percent Black Students -.2071 12.77* Percent Latino Students -.0868 8.16* Low Income Students -.1919 12.57* ___________________________________________________________________________R-squared .62Standard Error 7.35 F 209.20 N of Cases 2503 Dummy variables for individual years not reported* p < .05 two tailed test # p < .10 two tailed test

Authors: O'Toole, Laurence., Meier, Kenneth. and Nicholson-Crotty, Sean.
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40
Table 4. Exploring the Impact of Managing Upward on Organizational Performance
________________________________________________________________________
Dependent Variable = Student Exam Pass Rates
Independent Variables Slope t
Managerial Networking 1.2800 7.80*
Principal-Agent Relationships
School Boards -1.4588 6.20*
Board Contacts X Board Support .1218 3.40*
School Principals -.2185 0.72
Other Management Variables
Quality .7927 4.84*
Stability .0714 4.31*
Employee Stability .1421 5.76*
Control Variables
Teacher’s Salaries (000s) .2346 2.10*
Class Size -.3941 5.79*
Teacher Experience .1608 1.60
Non Certified Teachers -.1479 4.23*
Percent State Aid -.0219 2.66*
Percent Black Students -.2071 12.77*
Percent Latino Students -.0868 8.16*
Low Income Students
-.1919 12.57*
___________________________________________________________________________
R-squared .62
Standard Error 7.35
F 209.20
N of Cases 2503
Dummy variables for individual years not reported
* p < .05 two tailed test # p < .10 two tailed test


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