Author's Keywords: Keywords: federalism, party system, Venezuela, decentralization, party change	Convention Need a solution for abstract management? All Academic can help! Contact us today to find out how our system can help your annual meeting. Submission - Custom fields, multiple submission types, tracks, audio visual, multiple upload formats, automatic conversion to pdf. Review - Peer Review, Bulk reviewer assignment, bulk emails, ranking, z-score statistics, and multiple worksheets! Reports - Many standard and custom reports generated while you wait. Print programs with participant indexes, event grids, and more! Scheduling - Flexible and convenient grid scheduling within rooms and buildings. Conflict checking and advanced filtering. Communication - Bulk email tools to help your administrators send reminders and responses. Use form letters, a message center, and much more! Management - Search tools, duplicate people management, editing tools, submission transfers, many tools to manage a variety of conference management headaches! Click here for more information.
Association: Name: American Political Science Association URL: http://www.apsanet.org
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Penfold-Becerra, Michael. "Federalism and Institutional Change in Venezuela" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Boston Marriott Copley Place, Sheraton Boston & Hynes Convention Center, Boston, Massachusetts, Aug 28, 2002 <Not Available>. 2009-05-26 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p65159_index.html>

Penfold-Becerra, M. , 2002-08-28 "Federalism and Institutional Change in Venezuela" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Boston Marriott Copley Place, Sheraton Boston & Hynes Convention Center, Boston, Massachusetts Online <.PDF>. 2009-05-26 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p65159_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript Review Method: Peer Reviewed Abstract: Many political scientists have explored the relationship between federalism and party systems. From an institutionalist perspective, the decentralizing impact that a federal constitution has on the party system can be captured by the incentives created by a number of institutional variables. First, the electoral rules used to elect national legislators can hinder the ability of national party leaders to control party nominations, which encourages legislators to personalize the vote and become more accountable to regional and local interests. In these cases, the party system will be able to internalize federalist considerations into the decision-making process at the national level. Second, the separation of national elections from regional and local elections and the possibility of reelection fosters a higher level of political autonomy for governors and mayors, as these public officials are not elected on the basis of coattail effects from the presidential race. Instead, election and reelection is based on their ability to control political resources and on government performance, which creates pressures for party decentralization. Third, the size of the federal system influences the level of electoral competition and the number of spaces in which political parties can participate. The larger the size of a federal country the more costly it will be to have a centralized party organization and the more difficult it will be for these types of organizations to adapt to changing political realities from one state to another. Large federations carry an incentive to create decentralized political parties in order to compete more effectively at the regional and local level. Fourth, higher levels of fiscal autonomy provide governors and mayors with economic resources to act independently from national political actors. In contrast, federal arrangements in which states and municipalities are more dependent on intergovernmental fiscal transfers controlled by the central government face harder constraints. Therefore, federal systems that promote fiscal decentralization provide politicians with more fiscal autonomy to build an independent party base, creating better conditions to consolidate a less centralized party system.

For Men Only? Party System Development, Electoral Reform and the Election of Women to Russian Regional Assemblies

Women's Representation and Political Party System Change in the Russian Regional Assemblies Under Federal Executive Dominance