Author's Keywords: Keywords: two-level games, leaders and states in two-level games,	Convention All Academic Convention can solve the abstract management needs for any association's annual meeting. Submission - Custom fields, multiple submission types, tracks, audio visual, multiple upload formats, automatic conversion to pdf. Review - Peer Review, Bulk reviewer assignment, bulk emails, ranking, z-score statistics, and multiple worksheets! Reports - Many standard and custom reports generated while you wait. Print programs with participant indexes, event grids, and more! Scheduling - Flexible and convenient grid scheduling within rooms and buildings. Conflict checking and advanced filtering. Communication - Bulk email tools to help your administrators send reminders and responses. Use form letters, a message center, and much more! Management - Search tools, duplicate people management, editing tools, submission transfers, many tools to manage a variety of conference management headaches! Click here for more information.
Association: Name: American Political Science Association URL: http://www.apsanet.org
Citation: URL: http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p65706_index.html Direct Link: HTML Code:

Flanders, Stephen. "NATIONAL VERSUS LEADER EFFECTS IN TWO-LEVEL GAMES" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Boston Marriott Copley Place, Sheraton Boston & Hynes Convention Center, Boston, Massachusetts, Aug 28, 2002 <Not Available>. 2009-05-26 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p65706_index.html>

Flanders, S. A. , 2002-08-28 "NATIONAL VERSUS LEADER EFFECTS IN TWO-LEVEL GAMES" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Boston Marriott Copley Place, Sheraton Boston & Hynes Convention Center, Boston, Massachusetts Online <.PDF>. 2009-05-26 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p65706_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript Review Method: Peer Reviewed Abstract: In this paper I analyze the specification of players in two-level games. I focus on the use of leaders as the key players in these games, as these are the players normally modeled as playing on behalf of their states in the international-level part of the game. In doing so, I seek to answer three questions: (1) what is the relationship between leaders and states in two-level games?; (2) are there consequences for states, given the decisions made by the leaders acting in their name, separate from the payoffs for the leaders and domestic-level players in the game; and (3) how do national and leader effects differ in their impact on international outcomes? I argue that states and leaders need to be kept analytically distinct. States have established policy positions. These positions are necessary to defining the domestic political stakes for leaders. In turn, the outcomes of leaders? decisions determine states? policy positions. I provide a two level crisis-bargaining model that incorporates state policy positions. Equilibrium analysis shows how both past and future state policy positions influence leaders? choices and the outcomes that result.

Social Movements, Policy Initiatives and Political Outcomes at the U.S. State Level

Domestic Influences on International Politics: Global Policy Challenges and the Politics of Europe and the United States

Coping With the International and Domestic: Political Leadership Styles in the Context of Two-Level Games