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Back Channel Diplomacy: Secret Channels and Negotiation Analysis in Palestinian-Israeli Peacemaking
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Anthony Wanis - St.John
Page 29
3/14/2005
NOTES
1. Anthony Wanis-St. John is Research Associate with the Center forInternational Conflict Resolution at Columbia University. He was born in Cairo,Egypt and is of Palestinian—among other Middle Eastern—ancestry. Theresearch for this paper was supported by a Doctoral Fellowship at the Program onNegotiation at Harvard Law School.
## email not listed ##
2. The author acknowledges the cordiality of Palestinian and Israeli peace processnegotiators interviewed for this research.
1
Jeffrey Z. Rubin and Bert R. Brown, The Social Psychology of Bargaining and Negotiation (New York: Academic Press,
1975)
2
Ibid.
3
Richard E. Walton and Robert B. McKersie, A Behavioral Theory of Labor Negotiations: An Analysis of a Social
Interaction System 2d ed. (Ithaca: ILR Press, 1991 (first ed. 1965)), 11-359, 382-391
4
Negotiation analysis rests on a multidisciplinary foundation that includes not only microeconomics and game theory, but
also international relations theory and social psychology, among other social sciences.
5
Anthony Wanis-St. John, Back Channel Diplomacy: Strategic Uses of Multiple Channels of Negotiation in the Middle
East Peace Process, doctoral dissertation, (Medford: Fletcher School, Tufts University, 2001). See also Wanis-St. John, AnAssessment of Back Channel Diplomacy: Negotiations Between the Palestinians and Israelis, PON Paper 00-7 (Cambridge:Program on Negotiation, Harvard Law School, September, 2000)
6
Camille Mansour, The Palestinian-Israeli Peace Negotiations: An Overview and Assessment, October 1991-January 1993
(Washington, DC: Institute for Palestine Studies, 1993); James Baker, “The Road to Madrid,” in Crocker et al., HerdingCats (Washington, DC: USIP, 1999); Hanan Ashrawi, This Side of Peace (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995).
7
Mohamed Heikal, Secret Channels: The Inside Story of Arab-Israeli Peace Negotiations (London: HarperCollins, 1996);
Charles Enderlin, Paix ou Guerres: Les Secrets Des Negociations Israelo-Arabes 1917-1997 (Paris: Stock, 1997).
8
James K. Sebenius, "Negotiation Analysis," in International Negotiation: Analysis, Approaches, Issues, ed. Victor A.
Kremenyuk, (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1991).
9
Robert O. Keohane and Joseph S. Nye, Power and Interdependence: World Politics in Transition (Boston: Little Brown,
1977).
10
In negotiation theory, Raiffa first sketched out the spectrum of negotiations that ranges from bilateral, ‘single issue’ to
multilateral, ‘many issue’ negotiations. Howard Raiffa, The Art and Science of Negotiation (Cambridge, MA: BelknapPress of Harvard University Press, 1982). Research on international negotiations has encompassed multilateral negotiations,peace processes, and numerous other complex scenarios.
11
See for example, I. William Zartman, ed., International Multilateral Negotiation: Approaches to the Management of
Complexity (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1994), and more recently, Howard Raiffa, with David Metcalfe, and JohnRichardson, Negotiation Analysis (Harvard: Cambridge, 2002)
12
For classical arguments in favor, see Henry Kissinger, Years of Upheaval (Boston: Little Brown, 1982); Hans J.
Morgenthau, Politics among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace 5th rev. ed. (New York: Knopf, 1978);Butterfield, "The New Diplomacy and Historical Diplomacy,"in H. Butterfield and Martin Wight, eds., DiplomaticInvestigations (London: Allen & Unwin, 1966). For arguments against, George Eller, Secret Diplomacy (London: S. Swiftand Co. Ltd., 1912); Paul Samuel Reinsch, Secret Diplomacy, How Far Can It Be Eliminated? (New York: Harcourt Braceand Company, 1922); Woodrow Wilson, “Address of the President of the United States Delivered at a Joint Session of theTwo Houses of Congress, January 8, 1918,” Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States (F.R.U.S.) 1918,Supplement 1, The World War, vol. 1, (Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1933)
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Anthony Wanis - St.John
Page 29
3/14/2005
NOTES
1. Anthony Wanis-St. John is Research Associate with the Center for
International Conflict Resolution at Columbia University. He was born in Cairo,
Egypt and is of Palestinian—among other Middle Eastern—ancestry. The
research for this paper was supported by a Doctoral Fellowship at the Program on
Negotiation at Harvard Law School.
## email not listed ##
2. The author acknowledges the cordiality of Palestinian and Israeli peace process
negotiators interviewed for this research.
1
Jeffrey Z. Rubin and Bert R. Brown, The Social Psychology of Bargaining and Negotiation (New York: Academic Press,
1975)
2
Ibid.
3
Richard E. Walton and Robert B. McKersie, A Behavioral Theory of Labor Negotiations: An Analysis of a Social
Interaction System 2d ed. (Ithaca: ILR Press, 1991 (first ed. 1965)), 11-359, 382-391
4
Negotiation analysis rests on a multidisciplinary foundation that includes not only microeconomics and game theory, but
also international relations theory and social psychology, among other social sciences.
5
Anthony Wanis-St. John, Back Channel Diplomacy: Strategic Uses of Multiple Channels of Negotiation in the Middle
East Peace Process, doctoral dissertation, (Medford: Fletcher School, Tufts University, 2001). See also Wanis-St. John, An
Assessment of Back Channel Diplomacy: Negotiations Between the Palestinians and Israelis, PON Paper 00-7 (Cambridge:
Program on Negotiation, Harvard Law School, September, 2000)
6
Camille Mansour, The Palestinian-Israeli Peace Negotiations: An Overview and Assessment, October 1991-January 1993
(Washington, DC: Institute for Palestine Studies, 1993); James Baker, “The Road to Madrid,” in Crocker et al., Herding
Cats (Washington, DC: USIP, 1999); Hanan Ashrawi, This Side of Peace (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995).
7
Mohamed Heikal, Secret Channels: The Inside Story of Arab-Israeli Peace Negotiations (London: HarperCollins, 1996);
Charles Enderlin, Paix ou Guerres: Les Secrets Des Negociations Israelo-Arabes 1917-1997 (Paris: Stock, 1997).
8
James K. Sebenius, "Negotiation Analysis," in International Negotiation: Analysis, Approaches, Issues, ed. Victor A.
Kremenyuk, (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1991).
9
Robert O. Keohane and Joseph S. Nye, Power and Interdependence: World Politics in Transition (Boston: Little Brown,
1977).
10
In negotiation theory, Raiffa first sketched out the spectrum of negotiations that ranges from bilateral, ‘single issue’ to
multilateral, ‘many issue’ negotiations. Howard Raiffa, The Art and Science of Negotiation (Cambridge, MA: Belknap
Press of Harvard University Press, 1982). Research on international negotiations has encompassed multilateral negotiations,
peace processes, and numerous other complex scenarios.
11
See for example, I. William Zartman, ed., International Multilateral Negotiation: Approaches to the Management of
Complexity (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1994), and more recently, Howard Raiffa, with David Metcalfe, and John
Richardson, Negotiation Analysis (Harvard: Cambridge, 2002)
12
For classical arguments in favor, see Henry Kissinger, Years of Upheaval (Boston: Little Brown, 1982); Hans J.
Morgenthau, Politics among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace 5th rev. ed. (New York: Knopf, 1978);
Butterfield, "The New Diplomacy and Historical Diplomacy,"in H. Butterfield and Martin Wight, eds., Diplomatic
Investigations (London: Allen & Unwin, 1966). For arguments against, George Eller, Secret Diplomacy (London: S. Swift
and Co. Ltd., 1912); Paul Samuel Reinsch, Secret Diplomacy, How Far Can It Be Eliminated? (New York: Harcourt Brace
and Company, 1922); Woodrow Wilson, “Address of the President of the United States Delivered at a Joint Session of the
Two Houses of Congress, January 8, 1918,” Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States (F.R.U.S.) 1918,
Supplement 1, The World War, vol. 1, (Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1933)
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