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Association: Name: International Studies Association URL: http://www.isanet.org
Citation: URL: http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p69629_index.html Direct Link: HTML Code:

Gulbrandsen, Lars. and Andresen, Steinar. "NGO Influence in the Implementation of the Kyoto Protocol: Compliance, Flexibility Mechanisms, and Sinks" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association, Hilton Hawaiian Village, Honolulu, Hawaii, Mar 05, 2005 <Not Available>. 2009-05-26 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p69629_index.html>

Gulbrandsen, L. H. and Andresen, S. E. , 2005-03-05 "NGO Influence in the Implementation of the Kyoto Protocol: Compliance, Flexibility Mechanisms, and Sinks" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association, Hilton Hawaiian Village, Honolulu, Hawaii Online <.PDF>. 2009-05-26 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p69629_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript Review Method: Peer Reviewed Abstract: This article explores the influence of environmental non-governmental organizations (NGOs) on the design of the climate compliance regime and how they work to promote climate performance among both Parties and non-Parties to the Kyoto Protocol. NGOs won acceptance for the dual approach to compliance, with both a facilitative and an enforcement branch, a strong enforcement mechanism, and potentially significant scope for NGO participation in enforcement branch deliberations. A few advisory NGOs seem to have influenced the design of the compliance regime, but it is less certain what their influence would have been without the US coming up with essentially the same approach. NGO influence on the interpretation of sinks and the design of the flexibility mechanisms, issues closely related to the compliance regime, has been very modest. With regard to enhancing future compliance, it is shown that NGOs are likely to use both instruments in the compliance system and options outside of the Kyoto regime.

The International Law and Politics of Climate Change: Ratification of the United Nations Framework Convention and the Kyoto Protocol

The Political Economy of Climate Change Policy: Did States Defend Their Material Interests When Negotiating the Kyoto Protocol?