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Abstract
We examine the topic of decision-making and norm violation in international politics.
While some approaches find violation either difficult (due to social pressures) or very
easy (due to the lack of enforcer), we suggest violation is mitigated importantly by the
personality types of leaders. We posit that “crusaders”—context insensitive
personalities—are more likely to violate and downplay the importance of international
norms than are pragmatists—context sensitive leaders. We test this by correlating the
personalities of the 2
nd
Bush Administration with their positions and arguments regarding
the normative suspect invasion of Iraq in 2003. We find support for our hypotheses and
discuss the implications for leaders, war, and prospects of international society to regulate
force.
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