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Gender and Small Arms in Northern Ireland
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Miranda Alison
Gender, Small Arms and the Northern Ireland Conflict
29
69
Interview with Bernadette.
70
Interview with Caral.
71
Cynthia Cockburn, The Space Between Us: Negotiating Gender and National Identities in Conflict, London: Zed Books,
1998, p. 42.
72
Interview with Caral.
73
Interview with Alison.
74
Interview with Linda.
75
Interview with Alison.
76
Eileen Fairweather, Roisín McDonough and Melanie McFadyean, Only the Rivers Run Free: Northern Ireland: the
Women’s War, London: Pluto Press, 1984, p. 283.
77
Catholic women have suffered political violence from within their own community, often signalling communal
concern to maintain boundaries and regulate sexual conduct. A particularly well-known manifestation of this, especially in the early years of the conflict, was the punishment of young Catholic women who had relationships with British soldiers (or supposedly committed other ‘offences’, such as extra-marital affairs and informing on the IRA).
Some were tied to lampposts, had their heads shaved, and were tarred and feathered. Eamonn McCann, War and an Irish Town, London: Pluto Press, 1993, 3
rd
edn., p. 153; Fairweather, McDonough and McFadyean, Only the Rivers Run
Free, pp. 247-251; Eileen MacDonald, Shoot the Women First, London: Fourth Estate, 1991.
78
Sales, Women Divided, p. 71.
79
Fairweather, McDonough and McFadyean, Only the Rivers Run Free, p. 304.
80
Interview with Joy.
81
Interview with Tracey.
82
Interview with Linda.
83
Interview with Joy.
84
Rosemary Sales, ‘Gender and Protestantism in Northern Ireland’, in Peter Shirlow and Mark McGovern (eds.),
Who Are ‘the People’? Unionism, Protestantism and Loyalism in Northern Ireland, London: Pluto Press, 1997, p. 144.
85
‘Mrs Mad Dog’, 9 February 2003, p. 1. The article does not specify when the photograph was taken.
86
‘Easter Shocker’, 19 April 2003, pp. 1 and 5. The Andersonstown News is a west Belfast republican paper.
87
‘Orange Dis-Order’, 11 July 2004, pp. 1 and 4-5.
88
Interview with Mary.
89
Jayne Steel, ‘Vampira: Representations of the Irish Female Terrorist’, Irish Studies Review, v. 6, no. 3, 1998, p. 274.
90
On this see MacDonald, Shoot the Women First.
REFERENCES
‘Mrs Mad Dog’, Sunday Mail, 9 February 2003, p. 1. ‘Easter Shocker’, Andersonstown News, 19 April 2003, pp. 1 and 5.
‘Orange Dis-Order’, Sunday World, 11 July 2004, pp. 1 and 4-5.
BBC1 Northern Ireland, Spotlight: Loyalists at War, BBC1 Northern Ireland, 28 January 2003,
10.35pm (documentary).
BBC1 Northern Ireland, Spotlight: A Place of Safety, BBC1 Northern Ireland, 18 March 2003,
10.30pm (documentary).
BBC1 Northern Ireland, Panorama: Gangsters at War, BBC1 Northern Ireland, 22 June 2003,
10.15pm (documentary).
Bonn International Center for Conversion, Gender Perspectives on Small Arms and Light Weapons:
Regional and International Concerns, Bonn International Center for Conversion, Brief 24, July
2002.
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| | Authors: Alison, Miranda. |
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Miranda Alison
Gender, Small Arms and the Northern Ireland Conflict
29
69
Interview with Bernadette.
70
Interview with Caral.
71
Cynthia Cockburn, The Space Between Us: Negotiating Gender and National Identities in Conflict, London: Zed Books,
1998, p. 42.
72
Interview with Caral.
73
Interview with Alison.
74
Interview with Linda.
75
Interview with Alison.
76
Eileen Fairweather, Roisín McDonough and Melanie McFadyean, Only the Rivers Run Free: Northern Ireland: the
Women’s War, London: Pluto Press, 1984, p. 283.
77
Catholic women have suffered political violence from within their own community, often signalling communal
concern to maintain boundaries and regulate sexual conduct. A particularly well-known manifestation of this,
especially in the early years of the conflict, was the punishment of young Catholic women who had relationships with
British soldiers (or supposedly committed other ‘offences’, such as extra-marital affairs and informing on the IRA).
Some were tied to lampposts, had their heads shaved, and were tarred and feathered. Eamonn McCann, War and an
Irish Town, London: Pluto Press, 1993, 3
rd
edn., p. 153; Fairweather, McDonough and McFadyean, Only the Rivers Run
Free, pp. 247-251; Eileen MacDonald, Shoot the Women First, London: Fourth Estate, 1991.
78
Sales, Women Divided, p. 71.
79
Fairweather, McDonough and McFadyean, Only the Rivers Run Free, p. 304.
80
Interview with Joy.
81
Interview with Tracey.
82
Interview with Linda.
83
Interview with Joy.
84
Rosemary Sales, ‘Gender and Protestantism in Northern Ireland’, in Peter Shirlow and Mark McGovern (eds.),
Who Are ‘the People’? Unionism, Protestantism and Loyalism in Northern Ireland, London: Pluto Press, 1997, p. 144.
85
‘Mrs Mad Dog’, 9 February 2003, p. 1. The article does not specify when the photograph was taken.
86
‘Easter Shocker’, 19 April 2003, pp. 1 and 5. The Andersonstown News is a west Belfast republican paper.
87
‘Orange Dis-Order’, 11 July 2004, pp. 1 and 4-5.
88
Interview with Mary.
89
Jayne Steel, ‘Vampira: Representations of the Irish Female Terrorist’, Irish Studies Review, v. 6, no. 3, 1998, p. 274.
90
On this see MacDonald, Shoot the Women First.
REFERENCES
‘Mrs Mad Dog’, Sunday Mail, 9 February 2003, p. 1.
‘Easter Shocker’, Andersonstown News, 19 April 2003, pp. 1 and 5.
‘Orange Dis-Order’, Sunday World, 11 July 2004, pp. 1 and 4-5.
BBC1 Northern Ireland, Spotlight: Loyalists at War, BBC1 Northern Ireland, 28 January 2003,
10.35pm (documentary).
BBC1 Northern Ireland, Spotlight: A Place of Safety, BBC1 Northern Ireland, 18 March 2003,
10.30pm (documentary).
BBC1 Northern Ireland, Panorama: Gangsters at War, BBC1 Northern Ireland, 22 June 2003,
10.15pm (documentary).
Bonn International Center for Conversion, Gender Perspectives on Small Arms and Light Weapons:
Regional and International Concerns, Bonn International Center for Conversion, Brief 24, July
2002.
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