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Gender Mainstreaming and Trade Governance in the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum (APEC)
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Abstract Through various forms of direct action, civil society actors have challenged the elitist, technocratic decision-making power of trade organizations and held them responsible for the global inequities – including the gender inequities – that have apparently increased as a result of trade liberalization. At the same time, regional trade organizations, keen to harness the potential of women’s entrepreneurship to expand global trade, have begun devising means for integrating gender perspectives into their economic policies and programmes. This paper examines the efforts by APEC – the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum – to integrate gender equality issues within its trade policy-making work. Three key questions are addressed in this paper: 1) What are the gender mainstreaming initiatives advanced by APEC? 2) Why has APEC gone the furthest of any trade organization to integrate gender analysis across its administrative and policymaking processes? 3) How successful is APEC’s gender integration framework? The paper highlights the critical role of the Women Leaders’ Network in the adoption of gender mainstreaming in APEC. However, it finds that the implementation of APEC’s gender integration framework has been so focused on process issues that attention to substantive gender equity outcomes has so far been relatively limited.
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Abstract
Through various forms of direct action, civil society actors have challenged the elitist,
technocratic decision-making power of trade organizations and held them responsible
for the global inequities – including the gender inequities – that have apparently
increased as a result of trade liberalization. At the same time, regional trade
organizations, keen to harness the potential of women’s entrepreneurship to expand
global trade, have begun devising means for integrating gender perspectives into their
economic policies and programmes. This paper examines the efforts by APEC – the
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum – to integrate gender equality issues
within its trade policy-making work. Three key questions are addressed in this paper:
1) What are the gender mainstreaming initiatives advanced by APEC? 2) Why has
APEC gone the furthest of any trade organization to integrate gender analysis across
its administrative and policymaking processes? 3) How successful is APEC’s gender
integration framework? The paper highlights the critical role of the Women Leaders’
Network in the adoption of gender mainstreaming in APEC. However, it finds that the
implementation of APEC’s gender integration framework has been so focused on
process issues that attention to substantive gender equity outcomes has so far been
relatively limited.
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